Assessment of the Effective Seismic Mass for Low-Rise Framed Shear Buildings Supporting Nearly Permanent Live Loads
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 144, Issue 8
Abstract
This paper presents the development of a lumped-parameter model of multistory framed shear buildings supporting rigid blocks with the possibility to slide. After favorably comparing with results from finite-element analyses and shake table tests, the model was used to assess design provisions in regard to the treatment of live load as seismic weight. It was found that using the minimum live load percentage in current design standards may lead to unconservative drift estimates for buildings supporting heavy and nearly permanent live load objects and structures that are (1) designed for higher values, (2) located in regions of low-to-moderate seismic risk, or (3) base isolated. Results from a parametric study led to a design expression that allows determining the portion of the expected live load that is effective as seismic weight on the structure as a function of the object/floor interface’s friction coefficient and the maximum floor acceleration of the building alone. The adequacy of the design expression was confirmed through three-dimensional finite-element analyses of two- and four-story buildings supporting live load objects that could slide.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
AASHTO. 2012. LRFD bridge design specifications and commentary. 6th ed. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AISC. 2011. Steel construction manual. 14th ed. Chicago, IL: AISC.
ANSYS. 2010. Mechanical APDL and mechanical applications theory reference. ANSYS release 13.0. Canonsburg, PA: ANSYS.
Ardila-Bothia, L. 2014. “Efecto de la carga viva en el diseño sísmico de estructuras de almacenamiento de un piso.” M.S. thesis, Universidad de Los Andes.
Ardila-Giraldo, O. A., J. C. Reyes, and J. P. Smith-Pardo. 2014. “Contact interface modeling in the dynamic response of rigid blocks subject to base excitation.” In Proc., COMPDYN 2013: 4th Int. Conf. on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens, Greece: National Technical Univ. of Athens.
ASCE. 2010. Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. ASCE/SEI 7-10. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Chandrasekaran, A. R., and S. S. Saini. 1969. “Live load effect on dynamic response of structures.” J. Struct. Div. 95 (ST4): 649–659.
Chopra, A. K. 2017. Dynamics of structures: Theory and applications to earthquake engineering. 5th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Computers & Structures. 2006. PERFORM-3D user guide v4, non-linear analysis and performance assessment for 3D structures. Berkeley, CA: Computers and Structures.
Crandall, S. H., S. S. Lee, and J. H. Williams. 1974. “Accumulated slip of a friction-controlled mass excited by earthquake motions.” J. Appl. Mech. 41 (4): 1094–1098. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3423440.
Earth Mechanics. 2006. Port-wide ground motion study port of Long Beach. Port of Long Beach, CA: Earth Mechanics.
Fajfar, P. 2000. “A nonlinear analysis method for performance based seismic design.” Earthquake Spectra 16 (3): 573–592. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586128.
Gupta, A., and H. Krawinkler. 1999. Seismic demands for performance evaluation of steel moment resisting frame structures. Stanford, CA: John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford Univ.
Hancock, J., J. Bommer, and P. Stafford. 2008. “Number of scaled and matched accelerograms required for inelastic dynamic analyses.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 37 (14): 1585–1607. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.827.
Housner, G. W. 1963. “The behavior of inverted pendulum structures during earthquakes.” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 53 (2): 403–417.
Kirkayak, L., V. A. De Souza, K. Suzuki, H. Ando, and H. Sueoka. 2011. “On the vibrational characteristics of a two-tier scaled container stack.” J. Mar. Sci. Tech. 16 (3): 354–365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-011-0129-y.
Marcillo-Delgado, E. 2016. “Efecto de la carga viva en el análisis y diseño sísmico de estructuras de almacenamiento de múltiples pisos.” M.S. thesis, Universidad de Los Andes.
Peña, F., F. Prieto, P. B. Lourenço, A. Campos-Costa, and J. V. Lemos. 2007. “On the dynamics of rocking motion of single rigid-block structures.” Earthquake Eng. Struc. Dyn. 36 (15): 2383–2399. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.739.
Reyes, J. C. 2009. “Estimating seismic demands for performance-based engineering of buildings.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of California.
Reyes, J. C., and E. Kalkan. 2015. “Significance of rotating ground motions on behavior of symmetric-and asymmetric-plan structures: 1: Single-story structures.” Earthquake Spectra 31 (3): 1591–1612. https://doi.org/10.1193/072012EQS241M.
Rodriguez, M., J. Restrepo, and J. Blandón. 2007. “Seismic design forces for rigid floor diaphragms in precast concrete building structures.” J. Struct. Eng. 133 (11): 1604–1615. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:11(1604).
Shenton III, H. 1996. “Criteria for initiation of slide, rock, and slide-rock rigid-body modes.” J. Eng. Mech. 122 (7): 690–693. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1996)122:7(690).
Smith-Pardo, J. P., and C. E. Ospina. 2013. “Special considerations for the seismic analysis and design of piers, wharves and container yards supported on prestressed concrete piles.” ACI Spec. Publ. 295: 1–26.
Smith-Pardo, J. P., J. C. Reyes, L. Ardila-Bothia, J. N. Villamizar-Gonzalez, and O. A. Ardila-Giraldo. 2015. “Effect of live load on the seismic design of single-story storage structures under unidirectional horizontal ground motions.” Eng. Struct. 93 (Jun): 50–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.03.020.
Spanos, P., and A. Koh. 1984. “Rocking of rigid blocks due to harmonic shaking.” J. Eng. Mech. 110 (11): 1627–1642. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1984)110:11(1627).
Younis, C., and I. Tadjbakhsh. 1984. “Response of sliding rigid structure to base excitation.” J. Eng. Mech. 110 (3): 417–432. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1984)110:3(417).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 144 • Issue 8 • August 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 31, 2017
Accepted: Feb 22, 2018
Published online: May 18, 2018
Published in print: Aug 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Oct 18, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.