Nonlinear Seismic Response Analysis of an Innovative Steel-and-Concrete Hybrid Coupled Wall System
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 144, Issue 7
Abstract
This paper studies the seismic response of an innovative hybrid coupled shear wall (HCW) system, obtained through the connection of a reinforced concrete (RC) wall to two steel side columns by means of steel links. This structural solution is conceived to exploit both the stiffness of the RC wall, required to limit building damage under low-intensity earthquakes, and the ductility of the steel links, necessary to dissipate energy under medium-intensity and high-intensity earthquakes. The seismic performance of the proposed HCW system is evaluated through multirecord nonlinear dynamic analysis of a set of case studies designed on the basis of a specific ductile design procedure. The adopted finite-element models are illustrated and validated with experimental tests and more complex three-dimensional numerical models. A selection of results is presented and discussed to highlight the potential of the proposed innovative HCW systems and the possibility to develop a ductile mechanism in which plastic deformations are mainly attained in the steel links, with minor damages in the RC wall.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Support for this research from the European Commission, Research Fund for Coal and Steel, Steel Technical Group TGS 8 (RFSR-CT-2010-00025) is gratefully acknowledged.
References
Barbato, M., A. Zona, and J. P. Conte. 2014. “Probabilistic nonlinear response analysis of steel-concrete composite beams.” J. Struct. Eng. 140 (1): 04013034. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000803.
Bosco, M., M. M. Edoardo, and P. Rossi. 2015. “Modelling of steel link beams of short, intermediate or long length.” Eng. Struct. 84 (2): 406–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.12.003.
Braga, F., R. Gigliotti, G. Monti, F. Morelli, C. Nuti, I. Vanzi, and W. Salvatore. 2014. “Speedup of post-earthquake community recovery. The case of precast industrial buildings after the Emilia 2012 earthquake.” Bull. Earthquake Eng. 12 (5): 2405–2418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9583-3.
Calugaru, V., and M. Panagiotou. 2012. “Response of tall cantilever wall buildings to strong pulse type seismic excitation.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 41 (9): 1301–1318. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1185.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2004a. Design of concrete structures. Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. Eurocode 2. Brussels, Belgium: European Committee for Standardization.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2004b. Design of structures for earthquake resistance. Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings. Eurocode 8. Brussels, Belgium: European Committee for Standardization.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2005. Design of steel structures. Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. Eurocode 3. Brussels, Belgium: European Committee for Standardization.
Chopra, A. K. 1995. Dynamics of structures: Theory and applications to earthquake engineering. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Dall’Asta, A., et al. 2015. Innovative hybrid and composite steel-concrete structural solutions for building in seismic area. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission.
Dazio, A., K. Beyer, and H. Bachmann. 2009. “Quasi-static cyclic tests and plastic hinge analysis of RC structural walls.” Eng. Struct. 31 (7): 1556–1571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.02.018.
Della Corte, G., M. D’Aniello, and R. Landolfo. 2013. “Analytical and numerical study of plastic overstrength of shear links.” J. Construct. Steel Res. 82 (1): 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2012.11.013.
Dolsek, M. 2009. “Incremental dynamic analysis with consideration of modeling uncertainties.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 38 (6): 805–825. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.869.
Dusicka, P., M. A. Itani, and I. G. Buckle. 2009. “Cyclic behavior of shear links of various grades of plate steel.” J. Struct. Eng. 136 (4): 370–378. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000131.
El-Tawil, S., K. Harries, P. Fortney, B. Shahrooz, and Y. Kurama. 2010. “Seismic design of hybrid coupled wall systems: State of the art.” J. Struct. Eng. 136 (7): 755–769. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000186.
Fortney, P. J., B. M. Shahrooz, and G. A. Rassati. 2007. “Large-scale testing of a replaceable ‘fuse’ steel coupling beam.” J. Struct. Eng. 133 (12): 1801–1807. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:12(1801).
Galal, K. 2008. “Modeling of lightly reinforced concrete walls subjected to near-fault and far-field earthquake ground motions.” Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build. 17 (2): 295–312. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.354.
Gong, B., K. A. Harries, and B. M. Shahrooz. 2000. “Behaviour and design of reinforced concrete, steel, and steel-concrete coupling beams.” Earthquake Spectra 16 (4): 775–799. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586139.
Gu, Q., A. Zona, Y. Peng, and A. Dall’Asta. 2014. “Effect of buckling-restrained brace model parameters on seismic structural response.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 98 (1): 100–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.02.009.
Hajjar, J. F. 2002. “Composite steel and concrete structural systems for seismic engineering.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 58 (5–8): 703–723. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-974X(01)00093-1.
Harries, K. A., D. Mitchell, W. D. Cook, and R. G. Redwood. 1993. “Seismic response of steel beams coupling concrete walls.” J. Struct. Eng. 119 (12): 3611–3629. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:12(3611).
Hjelmstad, K. D., and E. P. Popov. 1983. “Cyclic behaviour and design of link beams.” J. Struct. Eng. 109 (10): 2387–2403. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1983)109:10(2387).
Iervolino, I., C. Galasso, and E. Cosenza. 2010. “REXEL: Computer aided record selection for code-based seismic structural analysis.” Bull. Earthquake Eng. 8 (2): 339–362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-009-9146-1.
Italian Ministry for Infrastructures. 2008. Technical norms for constructions. [In Italian.] Rome, Italy.
Ji, X., Y. Wang, Q. Ma, and T. Okazaki. 2015. “Cyclic behavior of very short steel shear links.” J. Struct. Eng. 142 (2): 1943–1954. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001375.
Kolozvari, K., K. Orakcal, and J. W. Wallace. 2015. “Modeling of cyclic shear-flexure interaction in reinforced concrete structural walls. I: Theory.” J. Struct. Eng. 141 (5): 04014135. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001059.
Malley, J. O., and E. P. Popov. 1984. “Shear links in eccentrically braced frames.” J. Struct. Eng. 110 (9): 2275–2295. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1984)110:9(2275).
Mazzoni, S., F. McKenna, M. H. Scott, and G. L. Fenves. 2007. OpenSees command language manual. Berkeley, CA: Univ. of California.
MIDAS FEA. 2006. Nonlinear and detail FE analysis system for civil structures. Seongnam, Korea: Midas Information Technology.
Okazaki, T., and M. D. Engelhardt. 2007. “Cyclic loading behavior of EBF links constructed of ASTM A992 steel.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 63 (6): 751–765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2006.08.004.
Orakcal, K., L. M. Massone, and J. W. Wallace. 2006. Analytical modeling of reinforced concrete walls for predicting flexural and coupled–shear-flexural responses. Berkeley, CA: Univ. of California.
Orakcal, K., J. W. Wallace, and J. P. Conte. 2004. “Flexural modeling of reinforced concrete structural walls-model attributes.” ACI Struct. J. 101 (5): 688–698.
Park, W. S., and H. D. Yun. 2005. “Seismic behaviour of coupling beams in a hybrid coupled shear walls.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 61 (11): 1492–1524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2005.04.006.
Pugh, J. S., L. N. Lowes, and D. E. Lehman. 2015. “Nonlinear line-element modeling of flexural reinforced concrete walls.” Eng. Struct. 104 (1): 174–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.08.037.
Ramadan, T., and A. Ghobarah. 1995. “Analytical model for shear-link behavior.” J. Struct. Eng. 121 (11): 1574–1580. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1995)121:11(1574).
Shahrooz, B. M., P. J. Fortney, and K. A. Harries. 2018. “Steel coupling beams with a replaceable fuse.” J. Struct. Eng. 144 (2): 04017210. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001939.
Shahrooz, B. M., M. A. Remmetter, and F. Quin. 1993. “Seismic design and performance of composite coupled walls.” J. Struct. Div. 19 (11): 3291–3309. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:11(3291).
Spacone, E., V. Ciampi, and F. C. Filippou. 1996. “Mixed formulation of nonlinear beam finite element.” Comput. Struct. 58 (1): 71–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(95)00103-N.
Vamvatsikos, D., and C. A. Cornell. 2002. “Incremental dynamic analysis.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 31 (3): 491–514. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.141.
Zona, A., M. Barbato, A. Dall’Asta, and L. Dezi. 2010. “Probabilistic analysis for design assessment of continuous steel-concrete composite girders.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 66 (7): 897–905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.01.015.
Zona, A., and A. Dall’Asta. 2012. “Elastoplastic model for steel buckling-restrained braces.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 68 (1): 118–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2011.07.017.
Zona, A., H. Degée, G. Leoni, and A. Dall’Asta. 2016. “Ductile design of innovative steel and concrete hybrid coupled walls.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 117 (1): 204–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.10.017.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 144 • Issue 7 • July 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 29, 2017
Accepted: Jan 11, 2018
Published online: Apr 30, 2018
Published in print: Jul 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Sep 30, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.