Selection of Input Motion for Seismic Analysis of Scoured Pile-Supported Bridge with Simplified Models
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 144, Issue 8
Abstract
Potential scouring scenarios around the foundations of bridges that pass over water could have adverse effects on the seismic response of both the site and the structures. In this study, a two-step methodology is proposed to estimate the seismic response of pile-supported structures accounting for these effects. The first step was to calculate the seismic response of the free field and obtain the acceleration and displacement responses of the site considering the effects of scouring on ground motions. The second step was to perform seismic analysis on the pile-supported structure on the basis of a simplified model, using the acceleration response of the free field as a uniform input along the pile nodes. The responses of four different input motion choices were compared to determine the best choice for the seismic analysis of bridges with scour in their foundations. To validate the accuracy of the proposed approach, the results were compared with an integrated soil-pile-structure numerical model and with shake table test data. It was found that the simplified method could effectively estimate the bending moments of the pier and piles, as well as the acceleration response of the superstructure and pile cap. It was shown that the best input motion choice for the simplified model was to use the ground acceleration response of the free field after scouring.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research is financially supported by the 973 National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB036302) and the Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. SLDRCE 15-B-05).
References
AASHTO. 2012. AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications. 6th ed. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Alipour, A., and B. Shafei. 2016a. “Assessment of post-earthquake losses in a network of aging bridges.” J. Infrastruct. Syst. 22 (2): 04015023. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000253.
Alipour, A., and B. Shafei. 2016b. “Seismic resilience of transportation networks with deteriorating components.” J. Struct. Eng. 142 (8): C4015015. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001399.
Alipour, A., B. Shafei, and M. Shinozuka. 2013. “Reliability-based calibration of load and resistance factors for design of RC bridges under multiple extreme events: Scour and earthquake.” J. Bridge Eng. 18 (5): 362–371. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000369.
API (American Petroleum Institute). 1993. Recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing fixed offshore platforms. Washington, DC: API.
Aviram, A., K. Mackie, and B. Stojadinovic. 2008. Guidelines of nonlinear analysis of bridge structures in California. Berkeley, CA: PEER.
Badoni, D., and N. Makris. 1997. Analysis of the nonlinear response of structures supported on pile foundations. Berkeley, CA: Univ. of California.
Boulanger, R. W., C. J. Curras, B. L. Kutter, D. W. Wilson, and A. Abghari. 1999. “Seismic soil-pile-structure interaction experiments and analyses.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 125 (9): 750–759. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:9(750).
Brandenberg, S. J., R. W. Boulanger, B. L. Kutter, and D. Chang. 2005. “Behavior of pile foundations in laterally spreading ground during centrifuge tests.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 131 (11): 1378–1391. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:11(1378).
Caltrans (California Dept. of Transportation). 2011. California Amendments to AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications. 4th ed. Sacramento, CA: Caltrans.
Castelli, F., and M. Maugeri. 2009. “Simplified approach for the seismic response of a pile foundation.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 135 (10): 1440–1451. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000107.
Cubrinovski, M., T. Kokusho, and K. Ishihara. 2006. “Interpretation from large-scale shake table tests on piles undergoing lateral spreading in liquefied soils.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 26 (2): 275–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2005.02.018.
Fenves, G. L., and M. Ellery. 1998. Behavior and failure analysis of a multiple-frame highway bridge in the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Berkeley, CA: PEER.
Fleming, K., A. Weltman, M. Randolph, and K. Elson. 2008. Piling engineering. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Fretti, C., D. L. Presti, and S. Pedroni. 1995. “A pluvial deposition method to reconstitute well-graded sand specimens.” Geotech. Test. J. 18 (2): 292–298. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ10330J.
Ju, S. H. 2013. “Determination of scoured bridge natural frequencies with soil-structure interaction.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 55 (3): 247–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.09.015.
Kanai, K. 1957. “The requisite conditions for the predominant vibration of ground.” Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. 35 (1): 457–470.
Karimi, Z., and S. Dashti. 2016. “Numerical and centrifuge modeling of seismic soil-foundation–structure interaction on liquefiable ground.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 142 (1): 04015061. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001346.
Klinga, J. V., and A. Alipour. 2015. “Assessment of structural integrity of bridges under extreme scour conditions.” Eng. Struct. 82: 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.07.021.
Liang, Z., and G. C. Lee. 2013. “Bridge pier failure probabilities under combined hazard effects of scour, truck and earthquake. Part I: Occurrence probabilities.” Earthquake Eng. Eng. Vib. 12 (2): 229–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-013-0166-0.
Lin, C., C. Bennett, J. Han, and R. L. Parsons. 2010. “Scour effects on the response of laterally loaded piles considering stress history of sand.” Comput. Geotech. 37 (7): 1008–1014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2010.08.009.
McKenna, F., M. H. Scott, and G. L. Fenves. 2010. “Nonlinear finite-element analysis software architecture using object composition.” J. Comput. Civ. Eng. 24 (1): 95–107. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000002.
Melville, B. W., and S. E. Coleman. 2000. Bridge scour. Highlands Ranch, CO: Water Resources Publications.
Wang, X., F. Luo, Z. Su, and A. Ye. 2017. “Efficient finite-element model for seismic response estimation of piles and soils in liquefied and laterally spreading ground considering shear localization.” Int. J. Geomech. 17 (6): 06016039. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000835.
Wang, Z., L. Dueñas-Osorio, and J. E. Padgett. 2014. “Influence of scour effects on the seismic response of reinforced concrete bridges.” Eng. Struct. 76 (10): 202–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.06.026.
Wu, X., L. Sun, S. Hu, and L. Fan. 2002. “Development of laminar shear box used in shaking table test.” [In Chinese.] J. Tongji Univ. Nat. Sci. 30 (7): 781–785.
Yang, Z., A. Elgamal, and E. Parra. 2003. “Computational model for cyclic mobility and associated shear deformation.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 129 (12): 1119–1127. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:12(1119).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 144 • Issue 8 • August 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 8, 2017
Accepted: Dec 29, 2017
Published online: May 21, 2018
Published in print: Aug 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Oct 21, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.