Seismic Performance Characterization of Wood-Sheathed and Cold-Formed Steel Framed Floor and Roof Diaphragm Structures
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 144, Issue 2
Abstract
This paper describes a research program involving wood-sheathed and cold-formed steel (CFS) framed diaphragm assemblies. The diaphragm’s response to in-plane monotonic and reversed cyclic lateral loading is investigated in an effort to characterize the seismic performance of this assembly. The work presented herein focuses on the response to loading of the isolated diaphragm subsystem and serves as a complementary study to a research project involving the dynamic testing of full-scale two-story CFS framed buildings, known as the CFS–Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) project. Laboratory testing included eight diaphragm specimens, that is, four configurations, comprising oriented strand board (OSB) sheathing screw connected to CFS C-Channel joists. The response to loading is directly related to screw pattern and size, the use of panel edge blocking, and the type of sheathing. By means of a comparison of design and experimental shear strength and stiffness values, the provisions of the AISI S400 standard were shown to be in need of improvement regarding the number of listed diaphragm configurations. Deflection predications at the design load level were considered to be reasonable.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) for financially supporting this research project. Additional support was obtained from the Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute (CSSBI) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). A special thank you is also extended to Bailey Metal Products Ltd., Simpson Strong-Tie Co., Inc., Ontario Tools and Fasteners Ltd, ArcelorMittal, and Constructions Proco, Inc. for the materials and tools that were provided.
References
AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute). (2013). “Test standard for cantilever test method for cold-formed steel diaphragms.” AISI S907, Washington, DC.
AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute). (2015). “North American standard for seismic design of cold-formed steel structural systems.” AISI S400, Washington, DC.
AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute). (2016). “North American specification for the design of cold-formed steel structural members.” AISI S100, Washington, DC.
APA (The Engineered Wood Association). (2007). “Diaphragms and shear walls.”, Tacoma, WA.
ASTM. (2015a). “Standard specification for steel sheet, zinc-coated (galvanized) or zinc-iron alloy-coated (galvannealed) by the hot-dip process.” ASTM A653, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2015b). “Standard test methods for direct moisture content measurement of wood and wood base materials.” ASTM D4442, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2016). “Standard test methods and definitions for mechanical testing of steel products.” ASTM A370, West Conshohocken, PA.
Branston, A. E., Boudreault, F. A., Chen, C. Y., and Rogers, C. A. (2006). “Light-gauge steel-frame wood structural panel shear wall design method.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 33(7), 872–889.
Chatterjee, A. (2016). “Structural system reliability with application to light steel-framed buildings.” Ph.D. thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA.
CSA (Canadian Standards Association). (2016). “North American specification for the design of cold-formed steel structural members.” CSA S136, Rexdale, Canada.
Dolan, J. D., and Easterling, W. S. (2000). “Monotonic and cyclic tests of light-frame shear walls with various aspect ratios and tie-down restraints.”, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA.
Giancoli, D. (2009). Physics for scientists and engineers with modern physics, 4th Ed., Pearson Education, London.
Krawinkler, H., Parisi, F., Ibarra, L., Ayoub, A., and Medina, R. (2000). “Development of a testing protocol for wood frame structures.”, Consortium of Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering, Richmond, CA.
LGSEA (Light Gauge Steel Engineers Association). (1998). “Lateral load resisting elements: Diaphragm design values.”, Washington, DC.
Liu, P., Peterman, K. D., Yu, C., and Schafer, B. W. (2012). “Cold-formed steel shear walls in ledger-framed buildings.” Annual Stability Conf., Structural Stability Research Council, Curran Associates, Inc., Dutchess, New York.
NAHB Research Center. (1999). “Innovative residential floor construction: Horizontal diaphragm values for cold-formed steel framing.” U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, Upper Marlboro, MD.
Nikolaidou, V., Latreille, P., Rogers, C. A., and Lignos, D. G. (2015). “Characterization of CFS framed diaphragm behavior.”, American Iron and Steel Institute, Washington, DC.
Nikolaidou, V., Latreille, P., Rogers, C. A., and Lignos, D. G. (2017). “Characterization of cold-formed steel framed/wood-sheathed floor and roof diaphragm structures.” Proc., 16th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Chilean Association of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, Santiago Chile, Santiago, Chile.
NIST, Madsen, R. L., Castle, T. A., and Schafer, B. W. (2016). “Seismic design of cold-formed steel lateral load resisting systems: A guide for practicing engineers.”, Gaithersburg, MD.
Pan, C. L., and Shan, M. Y. (2011). “Monotonic shear tests of cold-formed steel wall frames with sheathing.” Thin-Walled Struct., 49(2), 363–370.
Peterman, K. D. (2014). “Behavior of full-scale cold-formed steel buildings under seismic excitations.” Ph.D. thesis, Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore.
Peterman, K. D., Stehman, M. J., Madsen, R. L., Buonopane, S. G., Nakata, N., and Schafer, B. W. (2016a). “Experimental seismic response of a full-scale cold-formed steel-framed building. I: System-level response.” J. Struct. Eng., 04016127.
Peterman, K. D., Stehman, M. J., Madsen, R. L., Buonopane, S. G., Nakata, N., and Schafer, B. W. (2016b). “Experimental seismic response of a full-scale cold-formed steel-framed building. II: Subsystem-level response.” J. Struct. Eng., 04016128.
Serrette, R. L., Morgan, K. A., and Sorhouet, M. A. (2002). “Performance of cold-formed steel-framed shear walls: Alternative configurations.”, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Santa Clara, CA.
Serrette, R. L., and Chau, K. (2003). “Estimating the response of cold-formed steel-frame shear walls.” Dept. of Civil Engineering, Santa Clara, CA.
Shamim, I., DaBreo, J., and Rogers, C. A. (2013). “Dynamic testing of single- and double-story steel-sheathed cold-formed steel-framed shear walls.” J. Struct. Eng., 807–817.
StrainSmart version 4.7 [Computer software]. Vishay Precision Group, Inc., Wendell, NC.
TECO (Timberco, Inc.). (2008). “TECHTIP. Design capacities for oriented strand board.” ⟨www.pfsteco.com/techtips/pdf/tt_osbdesigncapacities⟩ (Jun. 27, 2017).
Tissell, J. R., and Elliot, J. R. (2004). “Plywood diaphragms.”, American Plywood Association, Tacoma, WA.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 2, 2017
Accepted: Aug 9, 2017
Published online: Dec 15, 2017
Published in print: Feb 1, 2018
Discussion open until: May 15, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.