Finite-Element Modeling of Hybrid Concrete-Masonry Frames Subjected to In-Plane Loads
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 144, Issue 1
Abstract
Caribbean-style hybrid concrete-masonry structures consist of a RC frame infilled with partially grouted and reinforced masonry walls that are connected to the RC frame with cast-in-place dowels along one or more edges of the infill. Currently, there is little guidance in existing codes for the assessment of infills with such connections to the bounding frame. This paper proposes a finite-element modeling scheme for hybrid concrete-masonry structures combining smeared crack and interface elements. The model is used to predict the behavior of two hybrid concrete-masonry frames subjected to cyclic loading. The proposed finite-element modeling scheme closely predicts the peak capacity, the displacement at peak capacity, and the damage patterns of the test structures. Finally, sensitivity studies are conducted with the validated numerical models to investigate the influence of the dowel connections and masonry properties on the seismic performance of these structures. The results indicate that increasing the amount of reinforcement in the masonry infill makes the influence of the dowel connections become more pronounced, increases the strength of the structure, and lowers its ductility.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This material study was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant 2011129510. Travel support to Trinidad, Belize, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico was provided by the Speedwell Foundation under the Caribbean Hazard and Mitigation Program (CHAMP). Sponsors for the experimental tests include Simpson Strong Tie, United Forming, and Jollay Masonry. However, the opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the sponsors.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2014). “Building code requirements for structural concrete.” ACI 318-14, Farmington Hills, MI.
Ali, S., and Page, A. W. (1988). “Finite element model for masonry subjected to concentrated loads.” J. Struct. Eng., 1761–1784.
ASTM. (2013a). “Standard test method for compressive strength of masonry prisms.” ASTM C1314, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2013b). “Standard test method for measurement of masonry flexural bond strength.” ASTM C1072, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2013c). “Standard test method for sampling and testing grout.” ASTM C1019, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2013d). “Standard test method for static modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of concrete in compression.” ASTM C469, West Conshohocken, PA.
Bazant, Z. P., and Cedolin, L. (1979). “Blunt crack band propagation in finite element analysis.” J. Eng. Mech. Div., 105(2), 297–315.
Blaauwendraad, J., and Grootenboer, H. J. (1981). “Essentials for discrete crack analysis.” Colloquium on Advanced Mechanics of Reinforced Concrete, IABSE, Zurich, Switzerland, 509–520.
Colotti, V. (2001). “Modeling of flexural and shear response in reinforced masonry walls under seismic loading.” Masonry Soc. J., 19(1), 37–48.
DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung). (2007). “Methods of test for masonry. 3: Determination of initial shear strength.” DIN EN1052-3, Berlin.
Drysdale, R., Hamid, A., and Baker, L. (1994). Masonry structures behavior and design, Prentice Hall, Eaglewood Cliffs, NJ.
Dulacska, H. (1972). “Dowel action of reinforcement crossing cracks in concrete.” ACI J., 69(12), 754–757.
Hillerborg, A. (1983). “Concrete fracture energy tests performed by 9 laboratories according to a draft RILEM recommendation.” Lund Univ., Lund, Sweden.
Hillerborg, A. (1984). “Numerical methods to simulate softening and fracture of concrete.” Fracture mechanics of concrete, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands.
ICC (International Code Council). (2009). 2009 international building code, Country Club Hills, IL.
Lotfi, H., and Shing, B. (1991). “Appraisal of smeared-crack models for masonry shear wall analysis.” Comput. Struct., 41(3), 413–425.
Lotfi, H., and Shing, B. (1994). “Interface model applied to fracture of masonry structures.” J. Struct. Eng., 63–80.
Lourenco, P. B. (1996). “Computational strategies for masonry structures.” Ph.D. dissertation, Delft Univ., Delft, Netherlands.
Mehrabi, A., Shing, B., Schuller, M., and Noland, J. (1994). “Performance of masonry infilled RC frames under in-plane lateral loads.” Structural engineering and structural mechanics research series, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO.
Minaie, E. (2009). “Behavior and vulnerability of reinforced masonry shear walls.” Ph.D. dissertation, Drexel Univ., Philadelphia.
NCMA (National Concrete Masonry Association). (2004). “Allowable stress design of concrete masonry.” TEK 14-7A, Herndon, VA.
Ngo, D., and Scordelis, A. C. (1967). “Finite element analysis of reinforced concrete beams.” J. Am. Concr. Inst., 64(14), 152–163.
Nilson, A. H. (1968). “Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete by the finite element method.” J. Am. Concr. Inst., 65(9), 757–766.
Paulay, T., Park, R., and Phillips, M. (1974). “Horizontal construction joints in cast-in-place reinforced concrete.” ACI J., 42, 599–616.
Rashid, Y. (1968). “Ultimate strength analysis of prestressed concrete pressure vessels.” Nucl. Eng. Des., 7(4), 334–344.
Redmond, L., Ezzatfar, P., DesRoches, R., Stavridis, A., Ozcebe, G., and Kurc, O. (2016a). “Finite element modeling of a reinforced concrete frame with masonry infill and mesh reinforced mortar subjected to earthquake loading.” Earthquake Spectra, 32(1), 393–414.
Redmond, L., Kahn, L., and DesRoches, R. (2016b). “Design and construction of hybrid concrete-masonry structures informed by cyclic tests.” Earthquake Spectra, 32(4), 2337–2355.
Sayah, A., Stavridis, A., Sherman, J., and McLean, D. (2013). “Finite element modeling of reinforced masonry shear walls under seismic loads.” 12th Canadian Masonry Symp., Canada Masonry Design Center, Ontario, Canada.
Sayed-Ahmed, E., and Shrive, N. (1996). “Design of face-shell bedded hollow masonry subject to concentrated loads.” Can. J. Civil Eng., 23(1), 98–106.
Soroushian, P., Obaseki, K., Rojas, M., and Sim, J. (1986). “Analysis of dowel bars acting against concrete core.” ACI J., 83(4), 642–649.
Stavridis, A., and Shing, B. (2010). “Finite-element modeling of nonlinear behavior of masonry-infilled RC frames.” J. Struct. Eng., 285–296.
Suidan, M., and Schnobrich, W. (1973). “Finite element analysis of reinforced concrete.” J. Struct. Div., 99(10), 2109–2122.
Wu, Y., Lan, T., Xiao, Y., and Yang, Y. (2016). “Macro modeling of reinforced concrete structural walls: State-of-the-art.” J. Earthquake Eng., 1–27.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 25, 2016
Accepted: Jun 12, 2017
Published online: Nov 8, 2017
Published in print: Jan 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Apr 8, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.