Numerical Simulation of Masonry-Infilled RC Frames Using XFEM
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 143, Issue 10
Abstract
Evaluation of the seismic performance of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames is challenging because a number of damage patterns can be induced by the interaction between the infill and the frame. In this paper, the extended finite-element method (XFEM) is adopted to model the cracking behavior and the compressive failure of concrete in frame members as well as masonry units in infill panels, and the discrete interface element is employed to simulate the behavior of the masonry mortar joints and the joints at the frame-to-infill interface. With the XFEM, the crack can propagate in an arbitrary manner during the analysis. In addition, multiple continuous cracks are allowed in this model. The nonlinear finite-element model is validated by the available experimental data. It can be concluded that the proposed model is capable of predicting the load-displacement response of a masonry-infilled RC frame structure. The damage patterns regarding cracking and crushing of frame members and masonry panels, tensile fracture and compressive compaction in mortar joints, and shear sliding of masonry units along mortar joints are also reproduced very well.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors express their sincere gratitude to P. Benson Shing of the University of California at San Diego and Ioannis Koutromanos of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University for their kind help. This investigation is supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan (2016YFC0701108), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51238012, 51322801), the Outstanding Talents Jump Promotion Plan of Basic Research of Harbin Institute of Technology, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2016M601430), and Open Foundation by Key Laboratory in Harbin Institute of Technology. This support is greatly appreciated. The authors also acknowledge the anonymous reviewers who contributed significantly to improving and enriching the paper.
References
Al-Chaar, G., Mehrabi, A. B., and Manzouri, T. (2008). “Finite element interface modeling and experimental verification of masonry-infilled R/C frames.” Masonry Soc. J., 26(1), 47–65.
Asteris, P. G. (2008). “Finite element micro-modeling of infilled frames.” Electron J. Struct. Eng., 8, 1–11.
Attard, M. M., Nappi, A., and Tin-Loi, F. (2007). “Modeling fracture in masonry.” J. Struct. Eng., 1385–1392.
Bechet, E., Minnebo, H., Moes, N., and Burgardt, B. (2005). “Improved implementation and robustness study of the X-FEM for stress analysis around cracks.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 64(8), 1033–1056.
Belytschko, T., Moes, N., Usui, S., and Parimi, C. (2001). “Arbitrary discontinuities in finite elements.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 50(4), 993–1013.
Bordas, S., Nguyen, V., Dunant, C., Nguyen-Dang, H., and Guidoum, A. (2007). “An extended finite element library.” Int. J. Numer. Methods in Eng., 71(6), 703–732.
Braga, F., Gigliotti, R., Laterza, M., D’Amato, M., and Kunnath, S. (2012). “Modified steel bar model incorporating bond-slip for seismic assessment of concrete structures.” J. Struct. Eng., 1342–1350.
Carol, I., Prat, P. C., and Lopez, C. M. (1997). “Normal/shear cracking model: Application to discrete crack analysis.” J. Eng. Mech., 765–773.
Cervenka, J. (1994). “Mixed-mode discrete crack propagation in concrete structures.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO.
Dhanasekar, M., and Page, A. W. (1986). “The influence of brick masonry infill properties on the behaviour of infilled frames.” Proc. Inst. Civil Eng., 81(12), 593–605.
Duarte, C. A., Babuska, I., and Oden, J. T. (2000). “Generalized finite element methods for three-dimensional structural mechanics problems.” Comp. Struct., 77(2), 215–232.
FEAP version 8.4 [Computer software]. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA.
Fries, T. P., and Belytschko, T. (2010). “The extended/generalized finite element method: An overview of the method and its applications.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 84(3), 253–304.
Gambarotta, L., and Lagomarsino, S. (1997). “Damage models for the seismic response of brick masonry shear walls. Part II: The continuum model and its applications.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 26(4), 441–462.
Hassanzadeh, M. (1990). “Determination of fracture zone properties in mixed mode I and II.” Eng. Fract. Mech., 35(4–5), 845–853.
Hilsdorf, H. K. (1969). “Investigation into the failure mechanism of brick masonry under axial compression.” Designing, engineering and construction with masonry products, F. H. Johnson, ed., Gulf, Houston, 34–41.
Jaskowiec, J., and van der Meer, F. P. (2014). “A consistent iterative scheme for 2D and 3D cohesive crack analysis in XFEM.” Comp. Struct., 136(3), 98–107.
Khoei, A. R. (2015). Extended finite element method: Theory and applications, Wiley, New York.
Koutromanos, I., and Shing, P. B. (2012). “A cohesive crack model to simulate cyclic response of concrete and masonry structures.” ACI Struct. J., 109(3), 349–358.
Koutromanos, I., Stavridis, A., Shing, P. B., and Willam, K. (2011). “Numerical modeling of masonry-infilled RC frames subjected to seismic loads.” Comp. Struct., 89(11–12), 1026–1037.
Liauw, T. C., and Lo, C. Q. (1988). “Multibay infilled frames without shear connectors.” ACI Struct. J., 85(4), 423–428.
Lotfi, H. R., and Shing, P. B. (1991). “An appraisal of smeared crack models for masonry shear wall analysis.” Comp. Struct., 41(3), 413–425.
Lotfi, H. R., and Shing, P. B. (1994). “An interface model applied to fracture of masonry structures.” J. Struct. Eng., 63–80.
Lourenco, P. B., and Rots, J. G. (1997). “Multi-surface interface model for analysis of masonry structures.” J. Eng. Mech., 660–668.
Mallick, D. V., and Severn, R. T. (1967). “The behavior of infilled frames under static loading.” Proc. Inst. Civil Eng., 38(4), 639–656.
Mehrabi, A. B., and Shing, P. B. (1997). “Finite element modeling of masonry-infilled RC frames.” J. Struct. Eng., 604–613.
Mehrabi, A. B., Shing, P. B., Schuller, M., and Noland, J. (1994). “Performance of masonry-infilled R/C frames under in-plane lateral loads.”, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO.
Melenk, J. M., and Babuska, I. (1996). “The partition of unity finite element method: Basic theory and applications.” Comp. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 139(1–4), 289–314.
Milani, G., Lourenço, P. B., and Tralli, A. (2006). “Homogenised limit analysis of masonry walls. Part II: Structural examples.” Comp. Struct., 84(3–4), 181–195.
Moes, N., and Belytschko, T. (2002). “Extended finite element method for cohesive crack growth.” Eng. Frac. Mech., 69(7), 813–833.
Moes, N., Dolbow, J., and Belytschko, T. (1999). “A finite element method for crack growth without remeshing.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 46(1), 131–150.
Mohyeddin, A., Goldsworthy, H. M., and Gad, E. F. (2013). “FE modelling of RC frames with masonry infill panels under in-plane and out-of-plane loading.” Eng. Struct., 51(2), 73–87.
Needleman, A. (2014). “Some issues in cohesive surface modeling.” Procedia IUTAM, 10, 221–246.
Oliveira, D. V., and Lourenco, P. B. (2004). “Implementation and validation of a constitutive model for the cyclic behaviour of interface elements.” Comp. Struct., 82(17–19), 1451–1461.
Puntel, E., Bolzon, G., and Saouma, V. E. (2006). “Fracture mechanics based model for joints under cyclic loading.” J. Eng. Mech., 1151–1159.
Riddington, J. R., and Gambo, A. H. (1991). “A two stage analysis procedure for ultimate strength analysis of masonry shear structures.” Int. Symp. on Computer Methods in Structural Masonry, J. Middleton and G. N. Pande, eds., Books & Journals International, Swansea, Wales, U.K., 84–92.
Sattar, S. (2013). “Influence of masonry infill walls and other building characteristics on seismic collapse of concrete frame buildings.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO.
Schmidt, T. (1989). “An approach of modelling masonry infilled frames by the F.E. method and a modified equivalent strut method.” Darmstadt concrete, annual journal on concrete and concrete structures, Darmstadt Univ., Darmstadt, Germany, 185–194.
Shing, P. B., and Spencer, B. W. (1999). “Modeling of shear behavior of RC bridge structures.” Proc., US-Japan Seminar on Post-Peak Behavior of RC Structures Subjected to Seismic Loads—Recent Advances and Challenges of Analysis and Design, NSF-JSPS-JCI, Tokyo, 315–333.
Stankowski, T., Runesson, K., and Sture, S. (1993). “Fracture and slip of interfaces in cementitious composites. I: Characteristics.” J. Eng. Mech., 292–314.
Stavridis, A., and Shing, P. B. (2010). “Finite element modeling of nonlinear behavior of masonry-infilled RC frames.” J. Struct. Eng., 285–296.
Stolarska, M., Chopp, D. L., Moes, N., and Belytschko, T. (2001). “Modelling crack growth by level sets in the extended finite element method.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 51(8), 943–960.
Sukumar, N., and Prevost, J. H. (2003). “Modeling quasi-static crack growth with the extended finite element method. Part I: Computer implementation.” Int. J. Solids Struct., 40(26), 7513–7537.
Swartz, S. E., Lu, L., Tang, L., and Refai, T. (1988). “Mode-II fracture parameter estimates for concrete from beam specimens.” Exper. Mech., 28(2), 146–153.
Van der Pluijm, R. (1992). “Material properties of masonry and its components under tension and shear.” Proc., 6th Canadian Masonry Symp., Univ. of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada, 675–686.
Wells, G. N., and Sluys, L. J. (2001). “A new method for modelling cohesive cracks using finite elements.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 50(12), 2667–2682.
Wittmann, F. H. (2002). “Crack formation and fracture energy of high strength concrete.” SAPSER, 27(4), 413–423.
Zienkiewicz, O. C., and Taylor, R. (2000). The finite element method: The basis, Vol. 1, Butterworth-Heinemann, London.
Zi, G., and Belytschko, T. (2003). “New crack-tip elements for X-FEM and applications to cohesive cracks.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 57(15), 2221–2240.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 143 • Issue 10 • October 2017
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 1, 2016
Accepted: May 11, 2017
Published online: Aug 12, 2017
Published in print: Oct 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Jan 12, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.