Numerical Estimation for Initial Stiffness and Ultimate Moment of Top-Seat Angle Connections without Web Angle
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 143, Issue 10
Abstract
This paper develops new models predicting the initial stiffness and ultimate moment of top-seat angle connections without web angle (TSACs). The TSACs, bolted to the beam flange and the column flange, are studied to investigate the effect of the material properties of the angle, gauge distance, angle thickness, angle length, rows of bolts, depth of beam, bolt diameter, and thickness of column flange in their moment-rotation behavior. The finite-element method is used to analyze the nonlinear behavior of TSACs. Identical geometric and material properties with previous experiments by others are utilized to verify finite-element models. A more accurate equation for the initial stiffness is suggested, and good agreement between the proposed model and the various test data is shown. The type of collapse mechanisms for TSACs is established. The ultimate moment capacity modified from Kishi and Chen’s equation also is proposed, and it agrees well with the various test data.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Korean government (MSIP) No. 2011-0030040 and No. 2015R1A2A2A01007339.
References
ABAQUS version 6.14 [Computer software]. Dassault Systèmes, Waltham, MA.
Ahmed, A., Kishi, N., Matsuoka, K., and Komuro, M. (2001). “Nonlinear analysis on prying of top- and seat-angle connections.” J. Appl. Mech., 4(1), 227–236.
AISC. (2005). Specification for the structural steel buildings, Chicago.
Astaneh, A. (1989). “Demand and supply of ductility in steel shear connections.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 14(1), 1–19.
Azizinamini, A. (1982). “Monotonic response of semi-rigid steel beam to column connections.” Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.
Azizinamini, A., Bradburnt, H., and Radziminsk, J. B. (1987). “Initial stiffness of semi-rigid steel beam-to-column connections.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 8(1), 71–90.
Bernuzzi, C., Zandonini, R., and Zanon, P. (1996). “Experimental analysis and modelling of semi-rigid steel joints under cyclic reversal loading.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 38(2), 95–123.
Calado, L., Matteis, G. D., and Landolfo, R. (2000). “Experimental response of top and seat angle semi-rigid steel frame connections.” Mater. Struct., 33(8), 499–510.
CEN (Commission of the European Communities). (1993). “Design of steel structures.”, Bruxelles, Belgium.
CEN (Commission of the European Communities). (2004). “Design of joints.”, Bruxelles, Belgium.
Citipitioglu, A. M., Haj-Ali, R. M., and White, D. W. (2002). “Refined 3D finite element modeling of partially restrained connections including slip.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 58(5–8), 995–1013.
Davision, J. B., Kirby, P. A., and Nethercot, D. A. (1987). “Rotational stiffness characteristics of steel beam-to-column connections.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 8(87), 17–54.
Driscoll, G. C. (1987). “Elastic-plastic analysis of top-and-seat-angle connections.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 8(1), 119–135.
Drucker, D. C. (1956). “The effect of shear on the plastic bending of beams.” J. Appl. Mech., 23(2), 509–514.
Fleischman, R. B. (1988). “Experimental and theoretical analysis of component behavior in top-and-seat-angle connections.” Ph.D. dissertation, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA.
Fleischman, R. B., Chasten, C. P., Lu, L. W., and Driscoll, G. C. (1989). “Top and seat angle connections and end plate connections: Snug versus fully pre-tensioned bolts.”, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA.
Garlock, M. M., Ricles, J. M., and Sause, R. (2003). “Cyclic load tests and analysis of bolted top-and-seat angle connections.” J. Struct. Eng., 129(12), 1615–1625.
Gu, Z. W. (2003). “Nonliear analysis of semi-rigid connection of steel structure.” Ph.D. dissertation, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China (in Chinese).
Hao, J. P., and Li, W. L. (2007). “Finite element analysis for the top-and-seat angle minor axis connection of semi-rigid steel beam-column joints.” China Civil Eng. J., 40(9), 36–42 (in Chinese).
Harper, W. L. (1990). Dynamic response of steel frames with semi-rigid connections, structural research studies, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.
Hechtman, R. A., and Johnston, B. G. (1947). “Riveted semi-rigid beam-to-column building connections.”, Committee of Steel Structures Research, AISC, New York.
Kishi, N., and Chen, W. F. (1990). “Moment-rotation relations of semirigid connections with angles.” J. Struct. Eng., 116(7), 1813–1834.
Kishi, N., Goto, Y., Chen, W. F., and Matsuoka, K. G. (1993). “Design aid of semi-rigid connections for frame analysis.” Eng. J., 30(3), 90–107.
Komuro, M., Kishi, N., and Chen, W. F. (2004). “Elasto-plastic FE analysis on moment-rotation relations of top-and seat-angle connections.” 5th Int. Workshop on Connections in Steel Structures: Behaviour, Strength and Design, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft Univ. of Technology, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Kubo, N., Yoshida, T., Hashinoto, K., and Tanuma, Y. (1999). “Column influence on the moment-rotation behaviour of semi-rigid angle connections.” J. Constr. Steel, 7(7), 423–434 (in Japanese).
Kukreit, A. R., and Abolmaali, A. S. (1999). “Moment-rotation hysteresis behavior of top and seat angle steel frame connections.” J. Struct. Eng., 163–168.
Li, G. H., and Gu, Q. (2006). “Research on ultimate moment of top-and-seat-angle connections in steel structures.” J. Wuhan Univ. Technol., 28(4), 48–51 (in Chinese).
Li, W. L. (2007). “Behavior of semi-rigid beam-to-column minor axis connections in steel frames.” Ph.D. dissertation, Xi’an Univ. of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, China (in Chinese).
Li, W. L., Hao, J. P., Wang, L. K., Chen, H. Y., and Zhang, J. F. (2008). “Experimental and analytical study on stiffness of beam-to-column minor axis top-and-seat angle connection in steel frames.” J. Build. Struct., 29(2), 125–131 (in Chinese).
Li, W. L., Hao, J. P., Wang, L. K., Chen, H. Y., Zhang, J. F., and Shi, J. (2007). “Flexural resistance of semi-rigid connection of steel beam-to-column minor axis with top-and-seat angles.” J. South China Univ. Technol., 35(3), 106–110 (in Chinese).
Liu, W., and Shu, G. P. (2014). “Research on initial stiffness and ultimate bearing capacity of top-and-seat angle semi-rigid connections.” Prog. Steel Build. Struct., 16(1), 7–14 (in Chinese).
Pekcan, G., Mander, J. B., and Chen, S. S. (1995). “Experimental and analytical study of low-cycle fatigue behavior of semi-rigid top-and-seat angle connections.”, Dept. of Civil Engineering, State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, IN.
Pirmoz, A., and Danesh, F. (2009). “The seat angle role on moment-rotation response of bolted angle.” Electron. J. Struct. Eng., 9(4), 73–79.
Pirmoz, A., Khoei, A. S., Mohammadrezapour, E., and Daryan, A. S. (2009). “Moment-rotation behavior of bolted top-seat angle connections.” J. Construct. Steel Res., 65(4), 973–984.
Prabha, P., Marimuthu, V., Jayachandran, S. A., and Seetharaman, S. (2008). “An improved polynomial model for top-and seat-angle connection.” Steel Compos. Struct., 8(5), 403–421.
Pucinotti, R. (2001). “Top-and-seat and web angle connections: Prediction via mechanical model.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 57(6), 663–696.
Pucinotti, R. (2006). “Cyclic mechanical model of semirigid top and seat and double web angle connections.” Steel Compos. Struct., 6(2), 139–157.
Qiang, X. H., Bijlaard, F. S. K., Kolstein, H., and Jiang, X. (2014). “Behaviour of beam-to-column high strength steel endplate connections under fire conditions—Part 2: Numerical study.” Eng. Struct., 64(4), 39–51.
Raman, M. (2005). “Analytical and experimental investigations on semi-rigid steel connections.” Ph.D. thesis, Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan, Karnataka.
Sato, Y., Komuro, M., and Kishi, N. (2007). “Experimental study on moment-rotation of top- and seat-angle connections.” J. Constr. Steel, 15(4), 121–128 (in Japanese).
Shi, Y. P., and Zhou, Y. R. (2006). Explain of finite element analysis with examples using Abaqus, China Machine Press, Beijing (in Chinese).
Smitha, M. S., and Bahu, S. (2013). “Behavior of top and seat angle semi-rigid connections.” J. Inst. Eng. Ser. A, 94(3), 153–159.
Wang, X. W. (2003). “Research on beam-to-column connections of steel frame.” Ph.D. thesis, Wuhan Univ. of Technology, Wuhan, China (in Chinese).
Wang, X. W. (2004). “Analysis and study of the initial stiffness of top-seat angles connections.” J. Wuhan Univ. Technol., 26, 60–62 (in Chinese).
Yang, J. G., and Jeon, S. S. (2009). “Analytical models for the initial stiffness and plastic moment capacity of an unstiffened top and seat angle connection under a shear load.” Int. J. Steel Struct., 9(3), 195–205.
Yuan, R. W., Yang, W. B., and Lu, L. (2009). “Calculation of initial stiffness and ultimate bearing capacity of top-and-seat angle connections.” Build. Struct., 39(9), 91–93 (in Chinese).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 7, 2016
Accepted: May 2, 2017
Published online: Jul 27, 2017
Published in print: Oct 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Dec 27, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.