Experimental Study of Dynamic Progressive Collapse in Flat-Plate Buildings Subjected to Exterior Column Removal
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 143, Issue 9
Abstract
This paper documents the findings from a dynamic collapse experiment carried out on a single-story two-by-two bay reinforced concrete flat-plate substructure. The test specimen had a 0.4 scale, represented older flat-plate buildings designed without structural integrity reinforcement in slabs, and was subjected to an instantaneous removal of an exterior supporting column. Tests were conducted three times with different levels of gravity load until a progressive collapse occurred. The specimen survived a gravity load corresponding to 42% of the normal loading capacity defined by the direct design methods but collapsed at a load of 49% of the design loading capacity. The collapse of the specimen was initiated by the punching failure at an interior slab-column connection carrying the most redistributed load after the exterior column removal. The tests confirmed the existence of slab compressive membrane action and examined the strain rates of material under dynamic response. The tests also indicated that a slab-column connection without continuous slab bottom reinforcement through the column has limited post-punching resistance. The experiment indicated that an older flat-plate building is vulnerable to a progressive collapse when it is subjected to a sudden exterior column removal. Numerical simulations of the experiments using a macromodel were conducted and its effectiveness was confirmed.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This paper is based on collaborative research supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 1100146 and 1100877 awarded to the University of Missouri—Columbia and University of Nevada, Las Vegas. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Science Foundation. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsor.
References
ABAQUS [Computer software]. Dassault Systèmes, Waltham, MA.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (1971). “Building code requirements for reinforced concrete.” ACI 318-71, Farmington Hills, MI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (1989). “Building code requirements for structural concrete.” ACI 318-89, Farmington Hills, MI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2014). “Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary.” ACI 318-14 and 318R-14, Farmington Hills, MI.
Carino, N. J., Leyendecker, E. V., and Fattal, S. G. (1983). “Review of the skyline plaza collapse.” Concr. Int., 5(7), 35–42.
Comite Euro-International Du Beton. (1993). CEB-FIP model code 1990, Thomas Telford, Lausanne, Switzerland.
DoD (Department of Defense). (2013). “Design of buildings to resist disproportionate collapse.”, Washington, DC.
Durrani, A. J., Du, Y., and Luo, Y. H. (1995). “Seismic resistance of nonductile slab-column connections in existing flat-slab buildings.” ACI Struct. J., 92(4), 479–487.
Elstner, R. C., and Hognestad, E. (1956). “Shearing strength of reinforced concrete slabs.” ACI J., 53(1), 29–58.
Gardner, N. J., Huh, J., and Chung, L. (2002). “Lessons from the Sampoong department store collapse.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 24(6), 523–529.
Gardner, N. J., and Shao, X. (1996). “Punching shear of continuous flat reinforced concrete slabs.” ACI Struct. J., 93(2), 218–228.
Gilsanz, R., Murray, P., Steficek, G., and Vancura, P. (2015). “A need for speed.”, 51–56.
GSA (General Service Administration). (2003). Disproportionate collapse analysis and design guidelines for new federal office buildings and major modernization projects, Washington, DC.
Guandalini, S., Burdet, O. L., and Muttoni, A. (2009). “Punching tests of slabs with low reinforcement ratios.” ACI Struct. J., 106(1), 87–95.
Hawkins, N. M., Bao, A. B., and Yamazaki, J. (1989). “Moment transfer from concrete slabs to columns.” ACI Struct. J., 86(6), 705–716.
Hawkins, N. M., and Mitchell, D. (1979). “Progressive collapse of flat plate structures.” ACI J. Proc., 76(7), 775–808.
Hognestad, E. (1951). “A study of combined bending and axial load in reinforced concrete members.”, Univ. of Illinois Engineering Experimental Station, IL.
King, S., and Delatte, N. J. (2004). “Collapse of 2000 commonwealth avenue: Punching shear case study.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 54–61.
Liu, J., Tian, Y., and Orton, S. L. (2015a). “Resistance of flat plate buildings against progressive collapse. II: System response.” J. Struct. Eng., 04015054.
Liu, J., Tian, Y., Orton, S. L., and Said, A. M. (2015b). “Resistance of flat plate buildings against progressive collapse. I: Modeling of slab-column connections.” J. Struct. Eng., 04015053.
Malvar, L. J., and Crawford, J. E. (1998). “Dynamic increase factors for reinforcing bars.” 28th DDESB Seminar, U.S. Dept. of Defense, Alexandria, VA.
Mitchell, D., and Cook, W. (1984). “Preventing progressive collapse of slab structures.” J. Struct. Eng., 1513–1532.
Moe, J. (1961). “Shearing strength of reinforced concrete slabs and footings under concentrated loads.”, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL, 130.
Morone, D. J., and Sezen, H. (2014). “Simplified collapse analysis using data from building experiment.” ACI Struct. J., 111(4), 925–934.
Müllers, I., and Vogel, T. (2005). “Vulnerability of flat slab structures.” Structures Congress 2005, ASCE, Reston, VA, 1–10.
Muttoni, A. (2008). “Punching shear strength of reinforced concrete slabs without transverse reinforcement.” ACI Struct. J., 105(4), 440–450.
Orton, S., and Kirby, J. (2014). “Dynamic response of a RC frame under column removal.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 04014010.
Peng, Z., Orton, S. L., Liu, J., and Tian, Y. (2016). “Effects of in-plane restraint on progression of collapse in flat-plate structures.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 04016112.
Qian, K., and Li, B. (2012). “Dynamic performance of RC beam-column substructures under the scenario of the loss of a corner column: Experimental results.” Eng. Struct., 42, 154–167.
Qian, K., and Li, B. (2014). “Dynamic disproportionate collapse in flat-slab structures.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., B4014005.
Qian, K., and Li, B. (2015). “Strengthening of multibay reinforced concrete flat slabs to mitigate progressive collapse.” J. Struct. Eng., 04014154.
Robertson, I., and Johnson, G. (2006). “Cyclic lateral loading of non-ductile slab-column connections.” ACI Struct. J., 103(3), 356–364.
Salim, W., and Sebastian, W. M. (2003). “Punching shear failure in reinforced concrete slabs with compressive membrane action.” ACI Struct. J., 100(4), 471–479.
Saurabh, P., and Hutchinson, T. C. (2014). “Evaluation of older reinforced concrete floor slabs under corner support failure.” ACI Struct. J., 111(4), 839–849.
Tian, Y., Jirsa, J. O., Bayrak, O., and Argudo, J. F. (2008). “Behavior of slab-column connections of existing flat-plate structures.” ACI Struct. J., 105(5), 561–569.
Tian, Y., and Su, Y. (2011). “Dynamic response of reinforced concrete beams following instantaneous removal of a bearing column.” Int. J. Concr. Struct. Mater., 5(1), 19–28.
Yi, W.-J., Zhang, F.-Z., and Kunnath, S. K. (2014). “Disproportionate collapse performance of RC flat plate frame structures.” J. Struct. Eng., 04014048.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 143 • Issue 9 • September 2017
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 30, 2016
Accepted: Apr 5, 2017
Published online: Jun 30, 2017
Published in print: Sep 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Nov 30, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.