Improving the Compression Behaviors of Perforated Plates with Slotted Holes Using Strengthening Stiffeners
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 141, Issue 12
Abstract
This research focuses on the strengthening methods used for improving the compression behaviors of plates perforated by slotted holes, as provided in steel bridge pylons for the purposes of access and service. The rectangular plates that were investigated each have a centric slotted hole and are simply supported on four edges in the out-of-plane direction. Three types of strengthening stiffeners, ringed stiffener (RS), flat stiffener (FS), and longitudinal stiffener (LS), are considered. Uniaxial compression tests are first conducted for 41 specimens, of which seven are unstrengthened plates and 34 are strengthened plates. Stress concentrations, failure patterns, and elasto-plastic ultimate strengths are experimentally investigated. Finite element models are further developed to predict the ultimate strengths of plates with various dimensions. The FE results are validated by the test data. The influences of nondimensional parameters including plate aspect ratio, stiffener slenderness ratio, and stiffener thickness on ultimate strengths are revealed on the basis of numerous parametric studies. Comparisons in strengthening efficiencies of stiffeners are also made by considering stiffener weight. The simplified formulations used for predicting the compression strengths of strengthened plates are proposed. The net cross-sectional area–based strength, including stiffeners, is also recommended for the strength approximation in engineering applications.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The present research was undertaken with support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51008193) and from the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education Funded by the Ministry of Education of P.R.C. (No. 20090073120012).
References
AASHTO. (2013). “AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications.” 6th Ed., Washington, DC.
AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute). (2012). “North American specification for the design of cold-formed steel structural members.”, Washington, DC.
ANSYS 12 [Computer software]. Canonsburg, PA, Ansys.
Azizian, Z. G., and Roberts, T. M. (1983). “Buckling and elasto-plastic collapse of perforated plates.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Instability and Plastic Collapse of Steel Structures, London.
BSI (British Standards Institution). (2006). “Eurocode 3. Design of steel structures. Steel bridge.”, London.
Cheng, B., Wang, J., and Li, C. (2013a). “Compression behavior of perforated plates in steel tower anchorage zones of cable-stayed bridges.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 90, 72–84.
Cheng, B., Wang, J., and Li, C. (2013b). “Compression tests and numerical analysis of perforated plates containing slotted holes in steel pylons.” Thin walled Struct., 67, 129–143.
Cheng, B., and Zhao, J. (2010). “Strengthening of perforated plates under uniaxial compression: Buckling analysis.” Thin Walled Struct., 48(12), 905–914.
El-Sawy, K. M., Nazmy, A. S., and Martini, M. I. (2004). “Elasto-plastic buckling of perforated plates under uniaxial compression.” Thin Walled Struct., 42(8), 1083–1101.
Li, F., He, Y. T., Fan, C. H., Li, H. P., and Zhang, H. X. (2008). “Investigation on three-dimensional stress concentration of LY12-CZ plate with two equal circular holes under tension.” Mater. Sci. Eng., A483-484, 474–476.
Maiorana, E., Pellegrino, C., and Modena, C. (2008). “Linear buckling analysis of perforated plates subjected to localized symmetrical load.” Eng. Struct., 30(11), 3151–3158.
Maiorana, E., Pellegrino, C., and Modena, C. (2009). “Non-linear analysis of perforated steel plates subjected to localized symmetrical load.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 65(4), 959–964.
Maiorana, E., Pellegrino, C., and Modena, C. (2011). “Influence of longitudinal stiffeners on elastic stability of girder webs.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 67(1), 51–64.
Moen, C. D., and Schafer, B. W. (2009a). “Elastic buckling of cold-formed steel columns and beams with holes.” Eng. Struct., 31(12), 2812–2824.
Moen, C. D., and Schafer, B. W. (2009b). “Elastic buckling of thin plates with holes in compression or bending.” Thin Walled Struct., 47(12), 1597–1607.
Moen, C. D., and Schafer, B. W. (2011). “Direct strength method for design of cold-formed steel columns with holes.” J. Struct. Eng., 559–570.
Muskhelishvili, N. I. (1963). Some basic problems of the mathematical theory of elasticity, Noordhoff, Groningen, Netherlands.
Narayanan, R., and Chow, F. Y. (1984). “Ultimate capacity of uniaxially compressed perforated plates.” Thin Walled Struct., 2(3), 241–264.
Narayanan, R., and Rockey, K. C. (1981). “Ultimate load capacity of plate girders with webs containing circular cut-outs.” Proc. Inst. Civil Eng., 71(2), 845–862.
Paik, J. K. (2007a). “Ultimate strength of perforated steel plates under edge shear loading.” Thin Walled Struct., 45(3), 301–306.
Paik, J. K. (2007b). “Ultimate strength of steel plates with a single circular hole under axial compressive loading along short edges.” Ships Offshore Struct., 2(4), 355–360.
Paik, J. K. (2008). “Ultimate strength of perforated steel plates under combined biaxial compression and edge shear loads.” Thin Walled Struct., 46(2), 207–213.
Peterson, R. E. (1974). Stress concentration factor, Wiley, New York.
Savin, G. N. (1961). Stress concentration around holes, Pergamon Press, New York.
Shanmugam, N. E., Thevendran, V., and Tan, Y. H. (1999). “Design formula for axially compressed perforated plates.” Thin Walled Struct., 34(1), 1–20.
She, C. M., and Guo, W. L. (2007). “Three-dimensional stress concentrations at elliptic holes in elastic isotropic plates subjected to tensile stress.” Int. J. Fatigue, 29(2), 330–335.
Smith, F. H., and Moen, C. D. (2014). “Finite strip elastic buckling solutions for thin-walled metal columns with perforation patterns.” Thin Walled Struct., 79, 187–201.
Yang, Z., Kim, C. B., Cho, C., and Beom, H. G. (2008). “The concentration of stress and strain in finite thickness elastic plate containing a circular hole.” Int. J. Solids Struct., 45(3–4), 713–731.
Yu, P. S., Guo, W. L., She, C. M., and Zhao, J. H. (2008). “The influence of Poisson’s ratio on thickness-dependent stress concentration at elliptic holes in elastic plates.” Int. J. Fatigue, 30(1), 165–171.
Zhang, T., Liu, T. G., Zhao, Y., and Liu, J. X. (2002). “Analysis of stress field of finite plates weakened by holes.” J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol., 30(1), 87–89 (in Chinese).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 19, 2014
Accepted: Jan 7, 2015
Published online: Mar 13, 2015
Discussion open until: Aug 13, 2015
Published in print: Dec 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.