Utilization of Nonlinear Finite Elements for the Design and Assessment of Large Concrete Structures. II: Applications
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 141, Issue 9
Abstract
This second-part article presents applications of advanced nonlinear finite-element analysis for the design of large reinforced-concrete structures. Because shear and the size effect are fundamental aspects of these structures, the first section of this paper is devoted to the prediction of shear failure for very large members more than 3 m deep. It is shown that the tendency of shear strength is much less sensitive to size effects for very large members than the predictions of some design code equations. Applications to the draft tube complex structure are then presented in a second part. A comparison of cracking patterns with an existing powerhouse is performed at the service level. It is shown that thermal effects have an important effect on the final cracking pattern. The draft tube model is then analyzed up to failure. Following a new design methodology proposed by the authors in a previous paper, and using the model error properties computed in part 1, the global resistance factor is computed for the ultimate level. The effects of temperature, nominal shear reinforcement, and lateral confinement are discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support obtained from Natural Sciences and Engineering Council (NSERC) of Canada, the Center for Research on Concrete Infrastructures of Quebec (FQRNT-CRIB), and the Quebec Ministry of Transportation. The first author would like to express his gratitude to the Hydro division of SNC-Lavalin and Hydro-Québec who directly and indirectly supported this work in an encouraging industrial environment.
References
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (1995). “Effect of restraint, volume change, and reinforcement on cracking in massive concrete.”, Farmington Hills, MI, 3–8.
Bazant, Z. P. (1987). “Fracture energy of heterogeneous material and similitude.” Proc., SEM-RILEM Int. Conf. on Fracture of Concrete and Rock, S. P. Shah and S. E. Swartz, eds., Springer, New York, 390–402.
Bazant, Z. P., and Kazemi, M. T. (1991). “Size effect on diagonal shear failure of beams without stirrups.” ACI Struct. J., 88(3), 268–276.
Bazant, Z. P., and Yu, Q. (2005). “Designing against size effect on shear strength of reinforced concrete beams without stirrups.” J. Struct. Eng., 1877–1885.
Ben Ftima, M., and Massicotte, B. (2012). “Development of a reliability framework for the use of advanced nonlinear finite elements in the design of concrete structures.” J. Struct. Eng., 1054–1064.
Canadian Standards Association (CSA). (1994). “Design of concrete structures.”, Toronto.
Canadian Standards Association (CSA). (2004). “Design of concrete structures.”, Toronto.
Carpintieri, A. (1994). “Fracture nature of materials microstructure and size effects on apparent material properties.” Mech. Mater., 18(2), 89–101.
Collins, M. P., and Kuchma, D. (1999). “How safe are our large lightly reinforced concrete beams, slabs and footings?” ACI Struct. J., 96(4), 482–490.
Collins, M. P., Mitchell, S., Adebar, P., and Vecchio, F. J. (1996). “General shear design method.” ACI Struct. J., 93(1), 36–45.
Comite Euro-International du Béton (CEB-FIP). (1993). CEB-FIP Model Code 1990: Design code, Thomas Telford, London.
Det Norske Veritas AS (DNV). (2012). “Offshore concrete structures.”, Norway.
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). (2002). Engineering guidelines for the evaluation of hydropower projects, Dept. of Energy, Washington, DC.
Fédération Internationale du Béton (FIB). (2008). “Practioners’ guide to finite element modelling of reinforced concrete structures.”, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Henrique, A. A. R., Calheiros, F., and Figueiras, J. A. (2002). “Safety format for the design of concrete frames.” Eng. Comput., 19(3), 346–363.
Hibbitt, H. D., Karlson, B. I., and Sorensen, E. P. (2010). ABAQUS version 6.10, finite element program, Hibbitt, Karlson and Sorensen, Providence, RI.
Iguro, M., Shioya, T., Nojiri, Y., and Akiyama, H. (1985). “Experimental studies on shear strength of large reinforced concrete beams under uniformly distributed load.” Concr. Lib. JSCE, 5, 137–154.
Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE). (1991). Standard specification for design and construction of concrete structures: Part I (design), Tokyo.
Kani, G. N. J. (1967). “How safe are our large reinforced concrete beams.” ACI J., 64(3), 128–141.
Kuzmanovic, S. (1998). “An investigation of the shear design of a reinforced concrete box structure.” M.S. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Toronto, Toronto.
Lubell, A. S. (2006). “Shear in wide reinforced concrete members.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Toronto, Toronto.
Marti, P. (1990). “Design of concrete slabs for transverse shear.” ACI Struct. J., 87(2), 180–190.
Massicotte, B., Nour, A., Ben Ftima, M., Yildiz, E., and Conciatori, D. (2012). “EPM3D V3.1: A user-supplied constitutive model for the nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures.”, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
Ozbolt, J., and Eligehausen, R. (1994). “Scaling laws in concrete structures.” Fracture and damage in quasibrittle structures, Spon, London.
Reineck, K. H., Kuchma, D. A., Kim, K. S., and Marx, S. (2003). “Shear database for reinforced concrete members without shear reinforcement.” ACI Struct. J., 100(2), 240–249.
Rosenblueth, E. (1975). “Point estimates for probability moments.” Proc., Nat. Acad. Sci., 72(10), 3812–3814.
Schlaich, J., Schafer, K., and Jennewein, M. (1987). “Toward a consistent design of structural concrete.” J. Prestressed Concr. Inst., 32(3), 74–150.
Weibull, W. (1939). “The phenomenon of rupture in solids.” Proc., Royal Swedish Institute of Engineering Research (Ingenioersvetenskaps Akad. Handl.) 153, Stockholm, Sweden, 1–55.
Yoshida, Y. (2000). “Shear reinforcement for large lightly reinforced concrete members.” M.S. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Toronto, Toronto.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 1, 2013
Accepted: Aug 19, 2014
Published online: Oct 16, 2014
Discussion open until: Mar 16, 2015
Published in print: Sep 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.