Cyclic Behavior of Nonconforming Full-Scale RC Columns
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 140, Issue 5
Abstract
Capacity models to assess structural safety are primarily based on experimental outcomes typical of new constructions. In order to analyze deformation and strength mechanisms of members that do not comply to current seismic codes and practices, an experimental investigation was undertaken on full-scale columns reinforced with deformed or plain rebars. The experiments involved eight tests under monotonic or cyclic actions on square or rectangular reinforced concrete columns designed according to provisions, construction practice, and material properties enforced between the 1940s and 1970s. Experimental outcomes allowed pointing out global and local behavior of RC columns typically found in existing constructions, in which both plain and deformed bars can be found. Theoretical plastic rotation capacities provided by the proposed supplement to the current ASCE standard are discussed in this paper and compared to those experimentally obtained. The results indicate that predicted plastic rotations corresponding to significant loss of lateral-force capacity are very conservative if compared with experimental outcomes. This seems especially clear in the case of columns reinforced with plain rebars. For these columns, the contribution of the base rotation on the global deformation mechanism is considerable.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The experimental work was developed within the research activities of the Laboratories University Network of Seismic Engineering—ReLUIS (Research Line 8) funded by funded by the Italian department of civil protection—executive project 2010–2013.
References
Acun, B., and Sucuoglu, H. (2010). “Performance of reinforced concrete columns designed for flexure under severe displacement cycles.” ACI Struct. J., 107(3), 364–371.
American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee 318. (1963). “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete.”, Farmington Hills, MI, 144.
Arani, K. K., Marefat, M. S., Di Ludovico, M., Prota, A., and Manfredi, G. (2013). “Hysteretic cyclic response of concrete columns reinforced with smooth rebars.” Bull. Earthwuake Eng.
ASCE. (2007a). “Seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings.”, Reston, VA.
ASCE. (2007b). “Seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings.”, Reston, VA.
Berry, M., and Eberhard, M. (2003). “Performance models for flexural damage in reinforced concrete columns.”, Univ. of California, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Berkeley, CA.
Bousias, S. N., Fardis, M. N., and Biskinis, D. (2005). “Retrofitting of RC columns with deficient lap splices.” Proc., Symp., “Keep Concrete Attractive”, Fédération Internationale du Béton (fib), Budapest Hungary, 885–890.
Bousias, S. N., Spathis, A. L., and Fardis, M. N. (2004). “Seismic retrofitting of columns with lap splices via RC jackets.” Proc., 13th World Conf. of Earthquake Engineering, Mira Digital Publishing, St. Louis, MO.
Cosenza, E., Manfredi, G., and Verderame, G. M. (2002). “Seismic assessment of gravity load designed RC frames: Critical issues in structural modeling.” J. Earthquake Eng., 6(1), 101–122.
Di Ludovico, M., Lignola, G. P., Prota, A., and Cosenza, E. (2010). “Nonlinear analysis of cross sections under axial load and biaxial bending.” ACI Struct. J., 107(4), 390–399.
Di Ludovico, M., Verderame, G., Prota, A., Manfredi, G., and Cosenza, E. (2013). “Experimental behavior of non-conforming RC columns with plain bars under constant axial load and biaxial bending.” J. Struct. Eng., 139(6), 897–914.
Eberhard, M. (2005). Structural performance database, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Washington. 〈http://www.ce.washington.edu/peera1/last access 10.14.2013〉.
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). (2005). “Eurocode 8—design of structures for earthquake resistance—part 3: assessment and retrofitting of buildings.”, Brussels.
Fabbrocino, G., Verderame, G. M., Manfredi, G., and Cosenza, E. (2004). “Structural models of critical regions in old-type RC frames with smooth rebars.” Eng. Struct., 26(14), 2137–2148.
Fardis, M. N. (2007). “LESSLOSS—Risk mitigation for earthquakes and landslides. Guidelines for displacement based design of buildings and bridges.”, IUSS Press, Pavia.
Fardis, M. N., and Biskinis, D. E. (2003). “Deformation capacity of RC members, as controlled by flexure or shear.” Performance based engineering for earthquake resistant reinforced concrete structures: A volume honoring Shunsuke Otani, T. Kabeyasawa and H. Shiohara, eds., Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 511–530.
Fédération Internationale du Béton (fib) Task Group 7.1. (2003). “Seismic Assessment and retrofit of reinforced concrete buildings.”, State-of-art report, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Feldman, L. R., and Bartlett, F. M. (2005). “Bond strength variability in pullout specimens with plain reinforcement.” ACI Struct. J., 102(6), 860–867.
Feldman, L. R., and Bartlett, F. M. (2007). “Bond stresses along plain steel reinforcing bars in pullout specimens.” ACI Struct. J., 104(6), 685–692.
FEMA. (2000). “Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings.”, Washington, DC.
Italian Ministerial Decree (1972). Norme tecniche per il calcolo, l’esecuzione, ed il collaudo delle strutture in conglomerato cementizio armato normale e precompresso e per le strutture metalliche [Technical guidelines for the design and contruction of reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete and steel structures] (in Italian).
Law 64/1974. (1974). Legge 2 Febbraio 1974, n. 64, Provvedimenti per le costruzioni con particolari prescrizioni per le zone sismiche [Provisions for constructions and special prescriptions for seismic zones] (in Italian).
Melek, M., and Wallace, J. W. (2004). “Cyclic behavior of columns with short lap splices.” ACI Struct. J., 101(6), 802–811.
Melo, J., Fernandes, C., Varum, H., Rodrigues, H., Costa, A., and Arede, A. (2011). “Numerical modelling of the cyclic behavior of RC elements built with plain reinforcing bars.” Eng. Struct., 33(2), 2273–2286.
Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER). (2005). Structural performance database, 〈http://nisee.berkeley.edu/spd/〉 (Oct. 14, 2013).
Panagiotakos, T. B., and Fardis, M. N. (2001). “Deformations of reinforced concrete at yielding and ultimate.” ACI Struct. J., 98(2), 135–147.
Regio Decreto Legge (RDL) 2229. (1939). Norme per l’esecuzione delle opere in conglomerate cementizio semplice o armato [Guidelines for the execu- 638 tion of concrete structures], Italy (in Italian).
Verderame, G. M., De Carlo, G., Ricci, P., and Fabbrocino, G. (2009a). “Cyclic bond behaviour of plain bars. Part II: Analytical investigation.” Constr. Build. Mater., 23(12), 3512–3522.
Verderame, G. M., Fabbrocino, G., and Manfredi, G. (2008a). “Seismic response of RC columns with smooth reinforcement, Part I: Monotonic tests.” Eng. Struct., 30(9), 2277–2288.
Verderame, G. M., Fabbrocino, G., and Manfredi, G. (2008b). “Seismic response of RC columns with smooth reinforcement, Part II: Cyclic tests.” Eng. Struct., 30(9), 2289–2300.
Verderame, G. M., Ricci, P., De Carlo, G., and Manfredi, G. (2009b). “Cyclic bond behaviour of plain bars. Part I: Experimental investigation.” Constr. Build. Mater., 23(12), 3499–3511.
Verderame, G. M., Ricci, P., Manfredi, G., and Cosenza, E. (2010). “Ultimate chord rotation of RC columns with smooth bars: Some considerations about EC8 prescriptions.” Bull. Earthquake Eng., 8(6), 1351–1373.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 140 • Issue 5 • May 2014
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 28, 2012
Accepted: Jun 4, 2013
Published online: Jun 6, 2013
Published in print: May 1, 2014
Discussion open until: May 18, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.