Effects of Elevated Temperatures on Double Shear Bolted Connections of Thin Sheet Steels
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 139, Issue 5
Abstract
The current design rules of double shear bolted connections in the North American and Australian/New Zealand specifications for cold-formed steel structures are mainly based on the design rules of single shear bolted connections. The design rules may not be applicable for elevated temperature conditions because the design rules of single shear bolted connections were based on tests conducted at ambient temperature. A total of 153 double shear bolted connection specimens were tested, where 102 specimens were tested using a steady-state test method and 51 specimen tests were conducted using a transient-state test method. Three thicknesses of thin sheet steel were used in the investigation. The connection strengths obtained from the tests were compared with the nominal strengths calculated from the North American, Australian/New Zealand, and European specifications for cold-formed steel structures. The current modification factor in the bearing strengths calculation for double shear bolted connections was evaluated at an ambient temperature. The reduced tensile strengths of the thin sheet steels obtained from tensile coupon tests at elevated temperatures were used to calculate the nominal strengths of the connections. It is shown that the strengths of the double shear bolted connections predicted by the three specifications are generally conservative at elevated temperatures. Five failure modes were observed in the tests: bearing, tear-out, net section tension, bolt shear, and material.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank BlueScope Lysaght (Singapore) Pte Ltd. for providing the thin sheet steels. The research work described in this paper was supported by a grant from the University of Hong Kong under the seed-funding program for basic research.
References
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI). (2007). “North American specification for the design of cold-formed steel structural members.” AISI S100-2007, Washington, DC.
Australian/New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS). (2005). Cold-formed steel structures, Sydney, Australia.
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). (2002). “Actions on structures. Part 1-2: General actions—actions on structures exposed to fire.” EN 1991-1-2:2002, Brussels, Belgium.
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). (2006). “Design of steel structures—Part 1-3: General rules supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting.” EN 1993-1-3:2006, Brussels, Belgium.
Chen, J., and Young, B. (2006). “Corner properties of cold-formed steel sections at elevated temperatures.” Thin-Walled Struct., 44(2), 216–223.
Chen, J., and Young, B. (2007). “Experimental investigation of cold-formed steel material at elevated temperatures.” Thin-Walled Struct., 45(1), 96–110.
Lim, J. B. P., and Young, B. (2007). “Effects of elevated temperatures on bolted moment-connections between cold-formed steel members.” Eng. Structures, 29(10), 2419–2427.
Liu, T. C. H. (1998). “Effects of connection flexibility on fire resistance of steel beams.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 45(1), 99–118.
Rogers, C. A., and Hancock, G. J. (1998a). “Bolted connection tests of thin G550 and G300 sheet steels.” J. Struct. Eng., 124(7), 798–808.
Rogers, C. A., and Hancock, G. J. (1998b). “New bolted connection design formulae for G550 and G300 sheet steels less than 1.0 mm thick.” Research Rep. No. R769. Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Sydney, Centre for Advanced Structural Engineering, Sydney, Australia.
Rogers, C. A., and Hancock, G. J. (1999). “Bolted connection design for sheet steels less than 1.0 mm thick.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 51(2), 123–146.
Rogers, C. A., and Hancock, G. J. (2000). “Failure modes of bolted-sheet-steel connections loaded in shear.” J. Struct. Eng., 126(3), 288–296.
Standards Australia. (1979). “Methods for the tensile testing of metals at elevated temperatures.” AS 2291, Sydney, Australia.
Yan, S., and Young, B. (2011a). “Tests of single shear bolted connections of thin sheet steels at elevated temperatures—Part I: Steady state tests.” Thin-Walled Struct., 49(10), 1320–1333.
Yan, S., and Young, B. (2011b). “Tests of single shear bolted connections of thin sheet steels at elevated temperatures—Part II: Transient state tests.” Thin-Walled Struct., 49(10), 1334–1340.
Yu, H. X., Burgess, I. W., Davison, J. B., and Plank, R. J. (2011). “Experimental and numerical investigation of the behavior of flush end plate connections at elevated temperatures.” J. Struct. Eng., 137(1), 80–87.
Yu, W. W. (2000). Cold-formed steel design, 3rd Ed., Wiley, New York.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 139 • Issue 5 • May 2013
Pages: 757 - 771
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 24, 2011
Accepted: Dec 16, 2011
Published online: Dec 21, 2011
Published in print: May 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.