Full-Scale Validation of Dynamic Wind Load on a Super-Tall Building under Strong Wind
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 138, Issue 9
Abstract
This paper presents work on validating the dynamic wind load predicted by a wind tunnel model with the values identified from full-scale field vibration data of a super-tall building in Hong Kong. Dynamic wind load in this work refers to the power spectral density (PSD) of the modal force near the natural frequency of a particular mode of the building, in the context of random vibration with stationary loading and response. This quantity reflects the turbulence characteristics integrated over the building body and is of importance in wind engineering design. This study presents a method to predict the modal PSD of wind load of the first two translational modes of a tall building. The method combines wind tunnel test information and mean wind data available in the free field; the latter taken to be at the Waglan Island station maintained by the Hong Kong Observatory. On the full-scale side, although the modal PSD is not directly observable, it is identified from field vibration data measured at the building top during strong wind events. A Bayesian modal identification method is used for determining the most probable value and the uncertainty of the modal parameters including the natural frequency, damping ratio, and the modal PSD. A number of recent strong wind events are analyzed. Reasonable agreement is observed between the wind tunnel model predictions and the values identified from field data. Factors that can potentially lead to discrepancy are discussed. As the same random vibration modeling consistent with conventional wind engineering design has been used in the wind tunnel prediction model and field identification model, the results are directly transferable among these three disciplines.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was funded by Ove Arup and Partners Hong Kong, Ltd. through Collaborative Research Agreement No. URN05/816d and DTX/ID/6439. The support is gratefully acknowledged. Dr. Ching-Tai Ng, currently lecturer at the School of Civil Environmental and Mining Engineering, University of Adelaide, assisted in processing the wind tunnel data and some preliminary calculations while he was senior research associate at the City University of Hong Kong. The writers thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.
References
Au, S. K. (2011). “Fast Bayesian FFT method for ambient modal identification with separated modes.” J. Eng. Mech., 137(3), 214–226.
Au, S. K. (2012a). “Fast Bayesian ambient modal identification. Part I: Posterior most probable value.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process., 26(1), 60–75.
Au, S. K. (2012b). “Fast Bayesian ambient modal identification. Part II: Posterior uncertainty.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process., 26(1), 76–90.
Au, S. K., Ni, Y. C., Zhang, F. L., and Lam, H. F. (2012a). “Full scale dynamic testing of a coupled slab system.” Eng. Struct., 37, 167–178.
Au, S. K., and Zhang, F. L. (2012), “Ambient modal identification of a primary-secondary structure using fast Bayesian FFT approach.”Mech. Syst. Signal Process., 28, 280–296.
Au, S. K., Zhang, F. L., and To, P. (2012b). “Field observations on modal properties of two tall buildings in Hong Kong.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 101, 12–23.
Beck, J. L. (2010). “Bayesian system identification based on probability logic.” Struct. Contr. Health Monit., 17(7), 825–847.
Boggs, D. W., and Peterka, J. A. (1989). “Aerodynamic model tests of tall buildings.” J. Eng. Mech., 115(3), 618–635.
Brownjohn, J. M. W. (2003). “Ambient vibration studies for system identification of tall buildings.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dynam., 32(1), 71–95.
Buildings Department of Hong Kong. (2004). Code of practice on wind effects in Hong Kong 2004, Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong.
Cermak, J. E. (1984). “Wind-simulation criteria for wind-effect tests.” J. Struct. Eng., 110(2), 328–339.
Clough, R. W., and Penzien, J. (1993). Dynamics of structures, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Frandsen, J. B. (2001). “Simultaneous pressures and accelerations measured full-scale on Great Belt East suspension bridge.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 89(1), 95–129.
Fritz, W. P., et al. (2008). “International comparison of wind tunnel estimates of wind effects on low-rise buildings: Test-related uncertainties.” J. Struct. Eng., 134(12), 1887–1890.
Hong Kong Observatory. (2011). Time series of weather information. 〈http://www.hko.gov.hk〉 (Jun. 4, 2012).
Isyumov, N., and Brignall, J. (1975). “Some full-scale measurements of wind-induced response of the CN Tower, Toronto.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 1, 213–219.
Kijewski-Correa, T., et al. (2006a). “Validating wind-induced response of tall buildings: Synopsis of the Chicago full-scale monitoring program.” J. Struct. Eng., 132(10), 1509–1523.
Kijewski-Correa, T., Kareem, A., and Kochly, M. (2006b). “Experimental verification and full-scale deployment of global position systems to monitor the dynamic response of tall buildings.” J. Struct. Eng., 132(8), 1242–1253.
Kim, J. Y., Yu, E., Kim, D. Y., and Tamua, Y. (2011). “Long-term monitoring of wind-induced responses of a large-span roof structure.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 99(9), 955–963.
Lutes, L. D., and Sarkani, S. (2004). Random vibrations: Analysis of structural and mechanical systems, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Mousset, S. (1986). “The international Aylesbury collaborative experiment.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 23, 19–36.
Peeters, B., and De Roeck, G. (2001). “Stochastic system identification for operational modal analysis: A review.” J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control, 123(4), 659–667.
Satake, N., Suda, K., Arakawa, T., Sasaki, A., and Tamura, A. (2003). “Damping evaluation using full-scale data of buildings in Japan.” J. Struct. Eng., 129(4), 470–477.
Simiu, E., and Scallan, R. (1986). Wind effects on structures, Wiley, New York.
Tschanz, T., and Davenport, A. G. (1983). “The base balance technique for the determination of dynamic wind loads.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 13(1–3), 429–439.
Yuen, K. V., and Katafygiotis, L. S. (2003). “Bayesian Fast Fourier transform approach for modal updating using ambient data.” Adv. Struct. Eng., 6(2), 81–95.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 10, 2011
Accepted: Nov 17, 2011
Published online: Aug 15, 2012
Published in print: Sep 1, 2012
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.