Performance and Characterization of Shear Ties for Use in Insulated Precast Concrete Sandwich Wall Panels
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 138, Issue 1
Abstract
Insulated precast concrete sandwich wall panels are commonly used for exterior cladding on building structures. The insulation is sandwiched between exterior and interior concrete layers to reduce the heating and cooling costs for the structure. The panels can be designed as composite, partially composite, or noncomposite. Shear ties are used to achieve these varying degrees of composite action between the interior and exterior concrete layers. A variety of shear ties are available for domestic construction. An experimental study was conducted to assess the relative strength and response of these commercially available ties. Fourteen different shear tie types were examined, the failure modes and responses were quantified, and simplified engineer level multilinear strength curves were developed for each connection. The test results indicate that shear ties used in sandwich wall construction have considerable variation in strength, stiffness, and deformability. The maximum shear strength of the discrete ties averaged 9.3 kN (2,100 lbf) with a minimum of 3.2 kN (730 lbf) and maximum of 18.4 kN (4,138 lbf). The ties exhibited elastic-brittle, elastic-plastic, and plastic-hardening responses. The results were used to develop trilinear constitutive relationships, which were used to approximate the flexural response of sandwich wall panels.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratory (Dr. Robert Dinan and Dr. Michael Hammons, Program Managers) for funding this work under contracts UNSPECIFIEDFA4918-07-D-0001 and UNSPECIFIEDFA8903-08-D-8768. The experiments were performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory located at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, and at the University of Missouri—Columbia under Professor Hani Salim. The work was conducted under a cooperative research and development agreement (CRADA) between the Portland Cement Association, the Prestressed/Precast Concrete Institute, and the Tilt-Up Concrete Association. The authors would like to thank John Sullivan, Jason Krohn, Michael Sugrue, and the member companies of these organizations for technical and fabrication support of the research. The authors would also like to thank the Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for efforts in revising this document.
References
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Naito, C., Hoemann, J., Bewick, B., and Hammons, M. (2009). “Evaluation of shear tie connectors for use in insulated concrete sandwich panels.” Rep., AFRL-RX-TY-TR-2009-4600, Air Force Research Laboratory, Tyndall Air Force Base, FL.
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© 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 21, 2010
Accepted: Apr 22, 2011
Published online: Apr 25, 2011
Published in print: Jan 1, 2012
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