Residual Drift Response of SMRFs and BRB Frames in Steel Buildings Designed according to ASCE 7-05
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 137, Issue 5
Abstract
A recent study has shown that residual drifts after earthquakes that are greater than 0.5% in buildings may represent a complete loss of the structure from an economic perspective. To study the comparative residual drift response of special moment-resisting frames (SMRFs) and buckling-restrained braced (BRB) frames, buildings between 2 and 12 stories in height are designed according to ASCE 7-05 and investigated numerically. This investigation includes pushover analyses as well as two-dimensional nonlinear time-history analyses for two ground motion hazard levels. The two systems show similar peak drifts and drift concentration factors. The BRB frames experience larger residual drifts than the SMRFs; however, the scatter in the residual drift results is large. Expressions are proposed to estimate the residual drifts of these systems as a function of the expected peak drifts, the initial recoverable elastic drift, and the drift concentration factor of each system. When subjected to a second identical earthquake, both framing systems experienced larger-than-expected drifts when an initial drift greater than 0.5% was present.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Financial support for this project was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada under the Idea to Innovation (I2I) program.
References
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC). (2005a). “Load and resistance factor design specification for structural steel buildings.” ANSI/AISC 360-05 including Supplement No. 1, Chicago.
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC). (2005b). “Seismic provisions for structural steel buildings.” ANSI/AISC 341s1-05 including Supplement No. 1, Chicago.
ASCE. (2005). “Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures.” ASCE/SEI 7-05 including Supplement No.1, Reston, VA.
Carr, A. J. (2005). Ruaumoko program for inelastic dynamic analysis—User manual, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Choi, H., Erochko, J., Christopoulos, C., Tremblay, R. (2008). “Comparison of the seismic response of steel buildings incorporating self-centering energy-dissipative dampers, buckling restrained braces and moment resisting frames.” Rep. No. 05-2008, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.
Christopoulos, C., Filiatrault, A., Folz, B., and Uang, C-M. (2002). “Post-tensioned energy dissipating connections for moment-resisting steel frames.” J. Struct. Eng., 128(9), 1111–1120.
Christopoulos, C., and Pampanin, S. (2004). “Towards performance-based design of MDOF structures with explicit consideration on residual deformations.” ISET J. Earthquake Technol., 41(1), 53–73.
Christopoulos, C., Pampanin, S., and Priestley, M. J. N. (2003). “Performance-based seismic response of frame structures including residual deformations. Part I: Single degree of freedom systems.” J. Earthquake Eng., 7(1), 97–118.
Christopoulos, C., Tremblay, R., Kim, H.-J., and Lacerte, M. (2008). “Self-centering energy dissipative bracing system for the seismic resistance of structure: Development and validation.” J. Struct. Eng., 134(1), 96–107.
Fahnestock, L. A., Ricles, J. M., and Sause, R. (2007a). “Experimental evaluation of a large-scale buckling-restrained braced frame.” J. Struct. Eng., 133(9), 1205–1214.
Fahnestock, L. A., Sause, R., and Ricles, J. M. (2007b). “Seismic response and performance of buckling-restrained braced frames.” J. Struct. Eng., 133(9), 1195–1204.
FEMA. (2000). “Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of building.” FEMA-356, Washington, DC.
Garlock, M., Ricles, J., and Sause, R. (2005). “Experimental Studies of full-scale posttensioned steel connections.” J. Struct. Eng., 131(3), 438–448.
Kawashima, K., MacRae, G. A., Hoshikuma, J.-I., and Nagaya, K. (1998). “Residual displacement response spectrum and its application.” J. Struct. Eng., 124(5), 523–530.
Kiggins, S., and Uang, C.-M. (2006). “Reducing residual drift of buckling-restrained braced frames as a dual system.” Eng. Struct., 28(11), 1525–1532.
Kim, H.-J., and Christopoulos, C. (2008). “Friction damped posttensioned self-centering steel moment-resisting frames.” J. Struct. Eng., 134(11), 1768–1779.
Kim, H.-J., and Christopoulos, C. (2009). “Numerical models and ductile ultimate deformation response of post-tensioned self-centering moment connections.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 38, 1–21.
Kim, J., Choi, H., and Min, K. (2003). “Performance-based design of added viscous dampers using capacity spectrum method.” J. Earthquake Eng., 7(1), 1–24.
MacRae, G. A., Kimura, Y., and Roeder, C. (2004), “Effect of column stiffness on braced frame seismic behavior.” J. Struct. Eng., 130(3), 381–391.
McCormick, J., Aburano, H., Ikenaga, M., and Nakashima, M. (2008). “Permissible residual deformation levels for building structures considering both safety and human elements.” Proc. 14th World Conf. Earthquake Engineering, Seismological Press of China, Beijing, Paper ID 05-06-0071.
Pampanin, S., Christopoulos, C., and Priestley, M. J. N. (2003). “Performance-based seismic response of frame structures including residual deformations. Part II: Multi-degree of freedom systems.” J. Earthquake Eng., 7(1), 119–147.
Pettinga, D., Christopoulos, C., Pampanin, S., and Priestley, N. (2007). “Effectiveness of simple approaches in mitigating residual deformations in buildings.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 36(12), 1763–1783.
Ricles, J., Sause, R., Garlock, M., and Zhao, C. (2001). “Posttensioned seismic-resistant connections for steel frames.” J. Struct. Eng., 127(2), 113–121.
Rojas, P., Ricles, J., and Sause, R. (2005). “Seismic performance of posttensioned steel moment resisting frames with friction devices.” J. Struct. Eng., 131(4), 529–540.
Ruiz-Garcia, J., and Miranda, E. (2006a). “Evaluation of residual drift demands in regular multi-story frames for performance-based seismic assessment.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 35, 1609–1629.
Ruiz-Garcia, J., and Miranda, E. (2006b). “Residual displacement ratios for assessment of existing structures.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 35, 315–336.
Sabelli, R., Mahin, S., and Chang, C. (2003). “Seismic demands on steel braced frame buildings with buckling restrained braces.” Eng. Struct., 25(5), 655–666.
Somerville, P., Smith, H., Puriyamurthala, S., and Sun, J. (1997). “Development of ground motion time histories for Phase 2 of the FEMA/SAC steel project.” Rep. No. SAC/BD 97/04 Prepared by the SAC Joint Venture for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC.
Tremblay, R., Lacerte, M., and Christopoulos, C. (2008). “Seismic response of multistory buildings with self-centering energy dissipative steel braces.” J. Struct. Eng., 134(1), 108–120.
Tremblay, R., Poncet, L., Bolduc, P., Neville, R., and DeVall, R. (2004). “Testing and design of buckling restrained braces for Canadian application.” Proc. 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering (CAEE), Vancouver, Canada, Paper No. 2893.
Valles, R. E., Reinhorn, A. M., Kunnath, S. K., Li, C., and Madan, A. (1996). “IDARC 2D version 4.0: A computer program for the inelastic damage analysis of buildings.” Technical Rep. NCEER-96-0010, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, NY.
Wu, C.-L., Loh, C.-H., Yang, Y.-S., and Lin, C. H. (2004). “Consideration of collapse and residual deformation in reliability-based performance evaluation of buildings.” Proc. 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering (CAEE), Vancouver, Canada, Paper No. 716.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 12, 2009
Accepted: Aug 23, 2010
Published online: Aug 24, 2010
Published in print: May 1, 2011
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.