Mixed Finite-Element Modeling of Rectangular Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Members and Frames under Static and Dynamic Loads
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 136, Issue 6
Abstract
A computational study was conducted to investigate the nonlinear response of composite frames consisting of rectangular concrete-filled steel tube (RCFT) beam-columns and steel framing subjected to static and dynamic loads. Following mixed finite-element principles, a three-dimensional fiber-based beam finite-element model was developed, allowing slip deformation between steel tube and the concrete core. Comprehensive material constitutive relations were developed for the steel tube and the concrete core through examining the experimental results in the literature. The uniaxial stress-based steel and concrete constitutive relations include modeling of the effects of confinement, steel tube local buckling, cycling concrete into both tension and compression, cyclic softening, and other key cyclic phenomena observed for steel and concrete in RCFT members. The finite-element model was verified against a wide range of experimental tests under monotonic, quasistatic cyclic, and pseudodynamic loading conditions. The mixed finite-element model produced strong correlations with experimental results to simulate the nonlinear response of RCFT members with excellent computational efficiency.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSFCMS-0084848 and by the University of Minnesota. Supercomputing resources were provided by the Minnesota Supercomputing Institute. The authors would like to thank Mr. Matthew Parkolap for his assistance with this research, Dr. Douglas Goode, Dr. Roberto Leon, Dr. Amit Varma, Dr. Shosuke Morino, and Dr. Jun Kawaguchi for providing experimental data, Dr. Donald White and Dr. Bulent Nedim Alemdar for providing the details of their computational studies, and Dr. Frank McKenna for his assistance with OpenSees software development.
References
Alemdar, B. N. (2001). “Distributed plasticity analysis of steel building structural systems.” Ph.D. dissertation, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta.
Aval, S. B. B., Saadeghvaziri, M. A., and Golafshani, A. A. (2002). “Comprehensive composite inelastic fiber element for cyclic analysis of concrete-filled steel tube columns.” J. Eng. Mech., 128(4), 428–437.
Balan, T. A., Filippou, F. C., and Popov, E. P. (1998). “Hysteretic model of ordinary and high strength reinforcing steel.” J. Struct. Eng., 124(3), 288–297.
Bridge, R. Q. (1976). “Concrete filled steel tubular columns.” Rep. No. R283, School of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Cederwall, K., Engstrom, B., and Grauers, M. (1990). “High-strength concrete used in composite columns.” Proc., 2nd Int. Symp. on Utilization of High Strength Concrete, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Mich., 195–214.
Chang, G. A., and Mander, J. B. (1994). “Seismic energy based fatigue damage analysis of bridge columns: Part I—Evaluation of seismic capacity.” Rep. No. NCEER-94-0006, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, N.Y.
Chen, A., and Chen, W. (1975). “Constitutive relations for concrete.” J. Engrg. Mech. Div., 101(4), 465–481.
Clarke, M. J., and Hancock, G. J. (1991). “Finite-element nonlinear analysis of stressed-arch frames.” J. Struct. Eng., 117(10), 2819–2837.
Cofie, N. G., and Krawinkler, H. (1985). “Uniaxial cyclic stress-strain behavior of structural steel.” J. Eng. Mech., 111(9), 1105–1120.
Collins, M. P., and Mitchell, D. (1991). Prestressed concrete structures, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Dafalias, Y. F., and Popov, E. P. (1975). “A model of nonlinearly hardening materials for complex loading.” Acta Mech., 21(3), 173–192.
Furlong, R. W. (1967). “Strength of steel-encased concrete beam columns.” J. Struct. Div., 93(5), 113–124.
Furlong, R. W. (1968). “Design of steel-encased concrete beam-columns.” J. Struct. Div., 94(1), 267–291.
Gourley, B. C., and Hajjar, J. F. (1994). “Cyclic nonlinear analysis of three-dimensional concrete-filled steel tube beam-columns and composite frames.” Rep. No. ST-94-3, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Hajjar, J. F. (2000). “Concrete-filled steel tube columns under earthquake loads.” Prog. Struct. Eng. Mater., 2(1), 72–81.
Hajjar, J. F. and Gourley, B. C. (1997). “A cyclic nonlinear model for concrete-filled tubes. I. Formulation.” J. Struct. Eng., 123(6), 736–744.
Hajjar, J. F., Schiller, P. H., and Molodan, A. (1998). “A distributed plasticity model for concrete-filled steel tube beam-columns with interlayer slip.” Eng. Struct., 20(8), 663–676.
Herrera, R. A. (2005). “Seismic behavior of concrete-filled tube column-wide flange beam frames.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dep. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, Pa.
Herrera, R. A., Ricles, J. M., and Sause, R. (2008). “Seismic performance evaluation of a large-scale composite MRF using pseudo-dynamic testing.” J. Struct. Eng., 134(2), 279–288.
Inai, E., Mukai, A., Kai, M., Tokinoya, H., Fukumoto, T., and Mori, K. (2004). “Behavior of concrete-filled tube beam-columns.” J. Struct. Eng., 130(2), 189–202.
Inai, E., and Sakino, K. (1996). “Simulation of flexural behavior of square concrete filled steel tubular columns.” Proc., 3rd Joint Technical Coordinating Committee Meeting, U.S.-Japan Cooperative Research Program, Phase 5: Composite and Hybrid Structures, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Va.
Kawaguchi, J., and Morino, S. (2001). “Experimental study on elasto-plastic behavior of three dimensional frame consisting of CFT column.” J. Struct. Constr. Eng., 541, 187–195.
Lee, J., and Fenves, G. L. (1998). “Plastic-damage model for cyclic loading of concrete structures.” J. Eng. Mech., 124(8), 892–900.
Leon, R. T., Kim, D. J., and Hajjar, J. F. (2007). “Limit state response of composite columns and beam columns: Part I. Formulation of design provisions for the 2005 AISC specification.” Eng. J., 44(4), 341–358.
Lu, Y., and Kennedy, D. (1994). “Flexural behavior of concrete-filled hollow structural sections.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 21(1), 111–130.
Mander, J. B., Priestly, M. J. N., and Park, R. (1984). “Seismic design of bridge piers.” Rep. No. 84-2, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Canterbury, Canterbury, New Zealand.
Mander, J. B., Priestly, M. J. N., and Park, R. (1988). “Observed stress-strain behavior of confined concrete.” J. Struct. Eng., 114(8), 1827–1849.
Menegotto, M., and Pinto, P. E. (1973). “Method of analysis for cyclically loaded reinforced concrete plane frames including changes in geometry and nonelastic behavior of elements under combined normal force and bending.” Proc., IABSE Symp. on Resistance and Ultimate Deformability of Structures Acted on by Well-Defined Repeated Loads, Final Report, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland.
Mizuno, E., Shen, C., Tanaka, Y., and Usami, T. (1991). “A uniaxial stress-strain model for structural steels under cyclic loading.” Stability and ductility of steel structures steels under cyclic loading, Y. Fukumoto and G. C. Lee, eds., CRC, Boca Raton, Fla., 37–48.
Morino, S., Uchikoshi, M., and Yamaguchi, I. (2001). “Concrete-filled steel tube system-its advantages.” Steel Structures, 1, 33–44.
Nakahara, H., and Sakino, K. (1998). “Axial compressive and uniform bending tests of high strength concrete filled square steel tubular columns.” Proc., 5th Pacific Structural Steel Conf., Korean Society of Steel Construction, Seoul, Korea, 943–948.
Neuenhofer, A., and Filippou, F. C. (1998). “Geometrically nonlinear flexibility-based frame finite element.” J. Struct. Eng., 124(6), 704–711.
OpenSees. (2001). Open system for earthquake engineering simulation, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Univ. of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Calif.
Palermo, D., and Vecchio, F. J. (2003). “Compression field modeling of reinforced concrete subjected to reversed loading: Formulation.” ACI Struct. J., 100(5), 616–625.
Park, R., Priestly, M. J. N., and Gill, W. D. (1982). “Ductility of square-confined concrete columns.” ASCE J. Struct. Div., 108(4), 929–950.
Saatcioglu, M., and Razvi, S. R. (1992). “Strength and ductility of confined concrete.” J. Struct. Eng., 118(6), 1590–1607.
Sakino, K., and Tomii, M. (1981). “Hysteretic behavior of concrete filled square steel tubular beam-columns failed in flexure.” Trans. Jpn. Concr. Inst., 3, 439–446.
Sakino, K., and Yuping, S. (1994). “Stress-strain curve of concrete confined by rectilinear hoop.” J. Struct. Constr. Eng., 461, 95–104.
Schneider, S. P. (1998). “Axially loaded concrete-filled steel tubes.” J. Struct. Eng., 124(10), 1125–1138.
Scott, M. H., Fenves, G. L., McKenna, F., and Filippou, F. C. (2008). “Software patterns for nonlinear beam-column models.” J. Struct. Eng., 134(4), 562–571.
Shen, C., Mamaghani, I. H. P., Mizuno, E., and Usami, T. (1995). “Cyclic behavior of structural steels. II: Theory.” J. Eng. Mech., 121(11), 1165–1172.
Sherman, D. R. (1992). “Tubular members.” Constructional steel design: An international guide, P. J. Dowling, J. E. Harding, and R. Bjorhovde, eds., Elsevier Science, New York, 91–104.
Spacone, E., Ciampi, V., and Filippou, F. C. (1996). “Mixed formulation of nonlinear beam finite element.” Comput. Struc., 58(1), 71–83.
Susantha, K. A. S., Ge, H., and Usami, T. (2001). “Uniaxial stress-strain relationship of concrete confined by various shaped steel tubes.” Eng. Structures, 23(10), 1331–1347.
Tomii, M., and Sakino, K. (1979). “Experimental studies on the ultimate moment of concrete filled square steel tubular beam-columns.” Trans. Architect. Inst. Japan, 275, 55–63.
Tort, C., and Hajjar, J. F. (2003). “Damage assessment of concrete-filled steel tube members and frames.” Rep. No. ST-03-1, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Tort, C., and Hajjar, J. F. (2004). “Damage assessment of rectangular concrete-filled steel tubes for performance-based design.” Earthquake Spectra, 20(4), 1317–1348.
Tort, C., and Hajjar, J. F. (2007). “Reliability-based performance-based design of rectangular concrete-filled steel tube (RCFT) members and frames.” Rep. No. ST-07-1, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Tort, C. and Hajjar, J. F. (2010). “A mixed finite element for 3D nonlinear dynamic analysis of rectangular concrete-filled steel tube beam-columns.” J. Eng. Mech. (in press).
Varma, A. H. (2000). “Seismic behavior, analysis, and design of high strength square concrete filled steel tube (CFT) columns.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, Pa.
Varma, A. H., Ricles, J. M., Sause, R., and Lu, L. (2002). “Seismic behavior and modeling of high-strength composite concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) beam-columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res., 58(5–8), 725–758.
Varma, A. H., Ricles, J. M., Sause, R., and Ream, A. (2004). “Seismic behavior and design of high strength square concrete filled steel tube beam-columns.” J. Struct. Eng., 130(2), 169–179.
Varma, A. H., Sause, R., Ricles, J. M., and Li, Q. (2005). “Development and validation of fiber model for high-strength square concrete-filled steel tube beam-columns.” ACI Struct. J., 102(1), 73–85.
Zhang, W., and Shahrooz, B. M. (1997). “Analytical and experimental studies into behavior of concrete-filled tubular columns.” Rep. No. UC-CII 97/01, Cincinnati Infrastructure Institute, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Cincinnati, College of Engineering, Cincinnati.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 136 • Issue 6 • June 2010
Pages: 654 - 664
Copyright
© 2010 ASCE.
History
Received: Feb 18, 2008
Accepted: Oct 30, 2009
Published online: Nov 13, 2009
Published in print: Jun 2010
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.