Factors Influencing In Situ Strength of Existing Concrete Structure Estimated by Core Test and NDTs
Publication: Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 25, Issue 1
Abstract
The in situ concrete compressive strengths estimated by core tests and nondestructive tests (NDTs) are influenced by various factors, such as level of quality control for concreting operation, carbonation of the concrete surface, and stress history. Most studies of the effect of various factors reported were confined to young concrete (maximum 91 days) cast in the laboratory. The number of studies of the effect of these factors on the in situ compressive strength of aged concrete structures estimated by core tests and nondisruptive tests is limited. It is possible that the effect of some of these factors on the in situ estimated strength identified in studies of young concrete may not be significant for aged concrete structures. The significance of the effect of various factors on the estimated in situ compressive strength of existing aged concrete structures obtained by core tests and nondisruptive tests using 84 sets of the test results of 35 structures aged 4–73 years constructed of concrete with 28-day cube strength of was investigated. The level of quality control of concreting operation of structures constructed during different periods was investigated to identify periods when more structures were constructed with good quality control of concreting operations.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models or code generated or used during the study are reported in Kog (2019).
Acknowledgments
The comments of Dr. Tam Chat Tim are gratefully acknowledged.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2010. Evaluation of strength test results of concrete. ACI 214 R-02. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2013. Report on nondestructive test methods for evaluation of concrete in structures. ACI 228.2R-13. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2004. Testing concrete in structures—Part 4: Determination of ultrasonic pulse velocity. BS EN 12504-4. London: BSI.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2007. Assessment of in situ compressive strength in structures and precast concrete components. BS EN 13791. London: BSI.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2009. Testing concrete in structures—Part 1: Cored specimens– Taking, examining and testing in compression (including National Annex). BS EN 12504-1. London: BSI.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2012. Testing concrete in structures. Non-destructive testing. Determination of rebound number. BS EN 12504-2. London: BSI.
Bungey, J. H., and S. G. Millard. 1996. Testing of concrete in structure, 3rd ed. Glasgow, UK: Backie Academic & Professional.
Day, K. W., J. Aldred, and B. Hudson. 2013. Concrete mix design, quality control and specification, 4th ed. West Conshohocken, PA: CRC Press.
Kog, Y. C. 2018. “Estimating in-situ compressive strength of existing concrete structures.” Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr. 23 (3): 04018013. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000374.
Kog, Y. C. 2019. “Testing plan for estimating in-situ concrete strength.” Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr. 24 (2): https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000410.
Lee, S. L., C. T. Tam, S. Swaddiwudhipong, S. T. Quek, and K. C. G. Ong. 1989. “Appraisal and repair of concrete structures.” J. Inst. Eng. Singapore 29 (2): 41–52.
Malhotra, V. M., and N. J. Carino, eds. 2004. Handbook on nondestructive testing of concrete. 2nd ed., 305. West Conshohocken, PA: CRC Press.
Schmidt, E. 1950. “The concrete test hammer (Der Bento-Pru¨fhammer).” Schweiz, Bauz 68 (28): 378.
Swamy, R. N., and A. H. Al-Hamed. 1984. “Evaluation of the Windsor probe test to assess in-situ concrete strength.” Proc. ICE 77 (Jun): 167–194.
Swamy, R. N., and H. Stavrides. 1976. “Some statistical considerations of steel fibre reinforced composites.” Cem. Concr. Res. 6 (2): 201–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(76)90118-6.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 13, 2019
Accepted: Aug 6, 2019
Published online: Sep 28, 2019
Published in print: Feb 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Feb 28, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.