Shear Failure Capacity Prediction of Concrete Beam–Column Joints in Terms of ANFIS and GMDH
Publication: Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 24, Issue 2
Abstract
Vulnerability assessment of structures in an earthquake is one of the most important topics in structural engineering. HAZUS instruction is the code widely used for assessment of structures for satisfied damage based on the interstory drift. In a structure, there are several parameters, such as forces and responses in elements, which cause damage to the structure simultaneity, and therefore, the use of only one parameter, such as interstory drift, could be unrealistic. In this paper, reinforced concrete (RC) beam–column joints are studied, with the aim of determining the maximum shear capacity of RC joints as a key parameter in the damage of RC structures. For this purpose, two strong approaches, including group method of data handling (GMDH) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), were used. The selected models were created based on a large experimental database. The results indicated that the considered methods are capable of determining the shear capacity of RC joints with high accuracy.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2002. Recommendations for design of beam-column connections in monolithic reinforced concrete structures. ACI 352R-02. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Adachi, M., K. Ishida, S. Fujii, F. Watanabe, and S. Morita. 1995. “Bi-directional seismic loading tests of high-strength r/c corner column-beam subassemblage, Part 1: Outline of experimental results.” In Summaries of Technical Papers of Annual Meeting, 91–92. Tokyo: Architectural Institute of Japan.
Akib, S., M. Mohammadhassani, and A. Jahangirzadeh. 2014. “Application of ANFIS and LR in prediction of scour depth in bridges.” Comput. Fluids 91: 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2013.12.004.
Aoyama, H., S. Lee, A. Tasai, and S. Otani. 1993. “Bond characteristics of beam bars passing through reinforced concrete interior beam-column joints using high-strength concrete, Part 1: Outline of experiment.” In Summaries of Technical Papers of Annual Meeting, 837–838. Tokyo: Architectural Institute of Japan.
Asou, N., T. Nagashima, and S. Sugano. 1993. “Force characteristic of beam column connection using high strength concrete (Fc600) and reinforcement (SD490).” In Vol. 15 of Proc., Japan Concrete Institute, 553–558. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.
Bakir, P. G., and H. M. Boduroğlu. 2002. “A new design equation for predicting the joint shear strength of monotonically loaded exterior beam-column joints.” Eng. Struct. 24 (8): 1105–1117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00038-X.
Bazrafshan, A., M. Shabanpour, M. Norouzi, and S. Fallahi. 2014. “Mathematical model of soil cation exchange capacity using GMDH-type neural network and genetic algorithm.” Agric. Adv. 3 (4): 111–123. https://doi.org/10.14196/aa.v3i4.1267.
Borghini, A., F. Gusella, and A. Vignoli. 2016. “Seismic vulnerability of existing R.C. buildings: A simplified numerical model to analyse the influence of the beam-column joints collapse.” Eng. Struct. 121: 19–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.04.045.
Canbolat, B. B., and J. K. Wight. 2008. “Experimental investigation on seismic behavior of eccentric reinforced concrete beam-column-slab connections.” ACI Struct. J. 105 (2): 154–162.
Chang, K. W., Y. I. Kim, and Y. H. Oh. 1997. “Slab effect on inelastic behavior of high strength RC beam-column joints.” [In Korean.] J. Korean Concr. Inst. 9 (2): 167–177.
Chen, C.-C., and G.-K. Chen. 1999. “Cyclic behavior of reinforced concrete eccentric beam-column corner joints connecting spread-ended beams.” ACI Struct. J. 96 (3): 443–449.
Chun, S. C., and D.-Y. Kim. 2004. “Evaluation of mechanical anchorage of reinforcement by exterior beam-column joint experiments.” In 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering. Paper No. 0326. Vancouver, BC, Canada: 13WCEE Secretariat.
Chutarat, N., and R. S. Aboutaha. 2003. “Cyclic response of exterior reinforced concrete beam-column joints reinforced with headed bars—Experimental investigation.” ACI Struct. J. 100 (2): 259–264.
Cotsovos, D. M. 2013. “Cracking of RC beam/column joints: Implications for the analysis of frame-type structures.” Eng. Struct. 52: 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.02.018.
Durrani, A. J., and J. K. Wight. 1985. “Behavior of interior beam-to-column connections under earthquake-type loading.” J. ACI 82 (3): 343–349.
Ehsani, M. R., and F. Alameddine. 1991. “Design recommendations for type 2 high-strength reinforced concrete connections.” ACI Struct. J. 88 (3): 277–291.
Ehsani, M. R., A. E. Moussa, and C. R. Valenilla. 1987. “Comparison of inelastic behavior of reinforced ordinary- and high-strength concrete frames.” ACI Struct. J. 84 (2): 161–169.
Ehsani, M., and J. K. Wight. 1985. “Exterior reinforced concrete beam-to-column connections subjected to earthquake-type loading.” J. ACI 82 (4): 492–499.
Elshafiey, T. M., A. M. Atta, H. M. Afefy, and M. E. Ellithy. 2016. “Structural performance of reinforced concrete exterior beam–column joint subjected to combined shear and torsion.” Adv. Struct. Eng. 19 (2): 327–340. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433215624590.
Elsouri, A. M., and M. H. Harajli. 2013. “Seismic response of exterior RC wide beam–narrow column joints: Earthquake-resistant versus as-built joints.” Eng. Struct. 57: 394–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.09.032.
Endoh, Y., T. Kamura, S. Otani, and H. Aoyama. 1991. “Behavior of RC beam-column connections using light-weight concrete.” Trans. Jpn. Concr. Inst. 13: 319–326.
Favvata, M. J., B. A. Izzuddin, and C. G. Karayannis. 2008. “Modelling exterior beam–column joints for seismic analysis of RC frame structures.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 37 (13): 1527–1548. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.826.
Fujii, S., and S. Morita. 1987. “Behavior of exterior reinforced concrete beam-column-slab sub-assemblages under bi-directional loading.” In Vol. 1 of Proc., Pacific Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, 339–350. Wairakei, New Zealand: New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering.
Goto, Y., O. Joh, and H. Yoshida. 1999. “Characteristic of beam reinforcement bond and failure after beam reinforcement yielding in interior RC beam column connection.” In Vol. 21 of Proc., Japan Concrete Institute, 655–660. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.
Goto, Y., and O. Joh. 2003. “Experimental study on shear resistance of reinforced concrete interior eccentric beam-column joints.” In Proc., 9th East Asia-Pacific Conf. on Structural Engineering and Construction. Bali, Indonesia: RSC-170.
Guimaraes, G. N., M. E. Kreger, and J. O. Jirsa. 1993. “Evaluation of joint-shear provisions for interior beam-column-slab connections using high-strength materials.” ACI Struct. J. 89 (1): 89–98.
Hamada, M., H. Ishibashi, and A. Horie. 1999. “Experimental study about RC exterior beam connection.” In Vol. 21 of Proc., Japan Concrete Institute, 667–672. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.
Hanson, N. W., and H. W. Conner. 1967. “Seismic resistance of reinforced concrete beam-column joints.” J. Struct. Div. 93 (5): 533–560.
Hanson, N. W., and H. W. Conner. 1972. Tests of reinforced concrete beam–column joints under simulated seismic loading. RD012.01D. Skokie, IL: Portland Cement Association.
Hayashi, K., M. Teraoka, A. A. Mollick, and Y. Kanoh. 1993. “Bond characteristic of RC interior beam-column connections using high strength materials.” In Vol. 15 of Proc., Japan Concrete Institute, 583–588. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.
Hiramatsu, K., M. Suzuki, K. Saito, and K. Tokota, 1995. “Experimental study on high-strength RC interior beam-column Joints with slabs and transverse beams.” In Summaries of Technical Papers of Annual Meeting, 75–76. Tokyo: Architectural Institute of Japan.
Hosono, T., K. Kitayama, K. Kitayama, H. Tajima, and J. Kishida. 2001. “Failure characteristic of RC interior beam-column connection subjected to bi-directional loading.” In Vol. 23 of Proc., Japan Concrete Institute, 379–384. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.
Hwang, S.-J., H.-J. Lee, T.-F. Liao, K.-C. Wang, and H.-H. Tsai. 2005. “Role of hoops on shear strength of reinforced concrete beam-column joints.” ACI Struct. J. 102 (3): 445–453.
Inoue, H., K. Higashi, and K. Ohta. 1990. “Experimental study on effect of transverse beam and slab of reinforced cross type beam-column joints.” In Summaries of Technical Papers of Annual Meeting, 379–380. Tokyo: Architectural Institute of Japan.
Irisawa, I., T. Yoshino, and T. Sasaya. 1996. “Mechanical properties of precast beam-column connections.” In Vol. 18 of Proc., Japan Concrete Institute, 1265–1270. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.
Ishida, K., K. Akiyuma, S. Pareek, and K. Kuroda. 2004. “Experimental study on beam-column joints of RC structures using high-strength concrete and steel.” In Vol. 67 of Proc., Tohoku Branch Research, 77–80. Tokyo: Architectural Institute of Japan.
Ishida, K., S. Fujii, S. Morita, and G. Choi. 1996. “Shear strength of exterior beam column connection under bi-axial earthquake loading.” In Vol. 18 of Proc., Japan Concrete Institute, 953–958. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.
Ishida, K., K. Shima, K. Higashi, and S. Fujii. 2001. “Real scale test of RC interior beam-column connections.” In Vol. 23 of Proc., Japan Concrete Institute, 343–348. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.
Ishikawa, Y., and T. Kamimura. 1990. “Experimental study on shear resistance of RC interior beam-column connections.” In Vol. 12 of Proc., Japan Concrete Institute, 669–674. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.
Ivakhnenko, A. G. 1971. “Polynomial theory of complex systems.” IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. SMC-1 (4): 364–378. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.1971.4308320.
Jadid, M. N., and D. R. Fairbairn. 1995. “Adjustments of error by neural networks for the shear stress carried by the stirrups of a beam-column joint.” Expert Syst. Appl. 9 (3): 257–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/0957-4174(95)00003-R.
Jang, J.-S. R. 1993. “ANFIS: adaptive network based fuzzy inference systems.” IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 23 (3): 665–685. https://doi.org/10.1109/21.256541.
Jeon, J.-S., A. Shafieezadeh, and R. DesRoches. 2014. “Statistical models for shear strength of RC beam‐column joints using machine‐learning techniques.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 43 (14): 2075–2095. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2437.
Jinno, Y., T. Kawachi, J. Kadoriku, and H. Kumagai, 1991. “An experimental study on behaviour of reinforced concrete interior beam-column joints using high-strength materials, Part 1: Test program and results.” In Summaries of Technical Papers of Annual Meeting, 591–592. Tokyo: Architectural Institute of Japan.
Jinno, Y., K. Kanada, S. Fujii, and S. Morita. 1985. Vol. 25 of On design concepts of exterior beam-column joints of reinforced concrete structures. Research Rep. Collection of Kinki Branch, 117–120. Tokyo: Architectural Institute of Japan.
Joh, O., Y. Goto, and T. Shibata. 1988. “Behavior of three-dimensional reinforced concrete beam-column subassemblages with slabs.” In Vol. VIII of Proc., 9th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, 587–592. Tokyo-Kyoto: World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.
Joh, O., Y. Goto, and T. Shibata. 1991. “Behavior of reinforced concrete beam-column joints with eccentricity.” ACI Spec. Pub. 123: 317–358.
Joh, O., and Y. Goto. 2000. “Beam-column joint behavior after beam yielding in RC ductile frames.” In Proc., 12th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering. Paper No. 2196. Auckland, New Zealand: New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering.
Kaku, T., and H. Asakusa. 1991. “Ductility estimation of exterior beam-column subassemblages in reinforced concrete frames.” ACI Spec. Pub. 123: 167–186.
Kaku, A., K. Maso, T. Kutoka, and T. Muguruma. 1993. “Experimental study about deformation characteristic of beam column connection in RC structure.” In Vol. 15 of Proc., Japan Concrete Institute, 559–564. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.
Kamimura, T., H. Takimoto, and S. Tanaka. 2004. “Mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete beam-column assemblages with eccentricity.” In Proc., 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering. Paper No. 4. Vancouver, BC, Canada: 13WCEE Secretariat.
Kanada, K., G. Kondo, S. Fujii, and S. Morita. 1984. “Relation between shear failure and anchorage failure in exterior beam-column joints.” In Vol. 6 of Proc., Japan Concrete Institute, 433–440. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.
Karayannis, C. G. 2015. “Mechanics of external RC beam-column joints with rectangular spiral shear reinforcement: Experimental verification.” Meccanica 50 (2): 311–322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-014-9953-6.
Kawai, T., H. Kimura, M. Iwata, and T. Watai. 1997. “Experimental study of resistance mechanism of RC beam-column connections using high strength materials.” In Vol. 19 of Proc., Japan Concrete Institute, 1011–1016. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.
Kawasazaki, T., K. Kitayama, and H. Noguchi. 1992. “Bond characteristic of reinforced concrete beam-column connections using ultra high strength materials.” In Vol. 14 of Proc., Japan Concrete Institute, 397–400. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.
Kitayama, K., S. Otani, and H. Aoyama. 1991. “Development of design criteria for RC interior beam-column joints.” In Design of Beam-Column Joints for Seismic Resistance (SP123), 97–123. Detroit, MI: American Concrete Institute.
Kheyroddin, A., M. Mirrashid, and H. Arshadi. 2017. “An investigation on the behavior of concrete cores in suspended tall buildings.” Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. Civ. Eng. 41 (4): 383–388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-017-0075-y.
Kim, J., and J. M. LaFave. 2007. “Key influence parameters for the joint shear behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) beam–column connections.” Eng. Struct. 29 (10): 2523–2539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.12.012.
Kim, J., and J. M. LaFave. 2008. “Probabilistic joint shear strength models for design of RC beam-column connections.” ACI Struct. J. 105 (6): 770–780.
Kim, J., and J. M. LaFave. 2009. Joint shear behavior of reinforced concrete beam- column connections subjected to seismic lateral loading, 218. Rep. No. NSEL-020. Urbana, IL: Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Kitayama, K., Y. Tajima, M. Okuda, and S. Kishida. 2000. “Influences of beam and column bar bond on failure mechanism in reinforced concrete interior beam-column joints.” Trans. Jpn. Conc. Inst. 22: 433–440.
Kitayama, K., S. Lee, S. Otani, and H. Aoyama. 1992. “Behavior of high-strength R/C beam-column joints.” In Proc., 10th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, 3151–3156. Madrid, Spain: CRC Press.
Kurose, Y., G. N. Guimaraes, L. Zuhua, M. E. Kreger, and J. O. Jirsa. 1991. “Evaluation of slab-beam-column connections subjected to bidirectional loading.” ACI Spec. Pub. 123: 39–68.
Kusuhara, F., K. Azukawa, H. Shiohara, and S. Otani. 2004. “Tests of reinforced concrete interior beam-column joint subassemblage with eccentric beams.” In Proc., 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering. Paper No. 185. Vancouver, BC, Canada: 13WCEE Secretariat.
Leon, R. T. 1990. “Shear strength and hysteretic behavior of interior beam-column joints.” ACI Struct. J. 87 (1): 3–11.
Masi, A., G. Santarsiero, G. P. Lignola, and G. M. Verderame. 2013. “Study of the seismic behavior of external RC beam–column joints through experimental tests and numerical simulations.” Eng. Struct. 52: 207–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.02.023.
Matsumoto, T., H. Nishihara, M. Nakao, and J. J. Castro. 2010. “Performance on shear strength of reinforced concrete eccentric beam-column joints subjected to seismic loading.” In Proc., 9th US National and 10th Canadian Conf. on Earthquake Engineering. Paper No. 1457. Toronto: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute and Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering.
McLean, F. G., and J. S. Pierce. 1988. “Comparison of joint shear strengths for conventional and roller compacted concrete.” In ASCE Specialty Conf., Roller Compacted Concrete, 151–169. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Megget, L. 1974. “Cyclic behaviour of exterior reinforced concrete beam–column joints.” Bull. N. Z. Nat. Soc. Earthquake Eng. 7 (1): 27–47.
Megget, L. 1980. Anchorage of beam reinforcement in seismic resistant reinforced concrete frame. Master of Engineering Report. Christchurch, New Zealand: Univ. of Canterbury Library.
Meinheit, D. F., and J. O. Jirsa. 1981. “Shear strength of R/C beam-column connections.” J. Struct. Div. 107 (11): 2227–2243.
Metelli, G., F. Messali, C. Beschi, and P. Riva. 2015. “A model for beam–column corner joints of existing RC frame subjected to cyclic loading.” Eng. Struct. 89: 79–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.01.038.
Mirrashid, M. 2017. “Comparison study of soft computing approaches for estimation of the non-ductile RC joint shear strength.” Soft Comput. Civ. Eng. 1 (1): 12–28. https://doi.org/10.22115/SCCE.2017.46318.
Naderpour, H., and M. Mirrashid. 2015. “Application of soft computing to reinforced concrete beams strengthened with fibre reinforced polymers: A state-of-the-art review.” Chap. 13 in Computational techniques for civil and structural engineering, 305–323. Stirlingshire, UK: Saxe-Coburg Publications.
Naderpour, H., and M. Mirrashid. 2017. “Compressive strength of mortars admixed with wollastonite and microsilica.” Mater. Sci. Forum 890: 415–418. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.890.415.
Naderpour, H., and M. Mirrashid. 2018a. “An innovative approach for compressive strength estimation of mortars having calcium inosilicate minerals.” J. Build. Eng. 19: 205–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.05.012.
Naderpour, H., and M. Mirrashid. 2018b. “Shear Strength Prediction of RC Beams Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System.” Scientia Iranica. https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2018.50308.1624.
Nakamura, M., S. Desho, S. Usami, and T. Kato, 1991. “Experimental study on interior beam-column join using high strength concrete and rebars.” In Summaries of technical papers of annual meeting, 583–584. Tokyo: Architectural Institute of Japan.
Nishi, K., K. Ota, and Y. Ohwada, 1992. “An experimental study on beam-column joint of exterior frame under biaxial seismic load.” In Summaries of Technical Papers of Annual Meeting, 207–208. Tokyo: Architectural Institute of Japan.
Nishiyama, M., T. Nishizaki, H. Muguruma, and F. Watanabe. 1989. “Seismic design of prestressed concrete beam-exterior column joints.” Trans. Jpn. Concr. Inst. 11: 439–446.
Noguchi, H., and T. Kashiwazaki. 1992. “Experimental studies on shear performances of RC interior column-beam joints with high-strength materials.” In Proc., 10th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, 3163–3168. Madrid, Spain: CRC Press.
Ohwada, Y. 1973. “A study on RC beam-column connection subjected to lateral load (9).” In Summaries of technical papers of annual meeting, 1297–1298. Tokyo: Architectural Institute of Japan.
Ohwada, Y. 1977. “A study on effect of lateral beams on RC beam-column joints (2).” In Vol. 61 of Proc., Architectural Institute of Japan, 241–244. Tokyo: Architectural Institute of Japan.
Oka, K., and H. Shiohara. 1992. “Tests of high-strength concrete interior beam-column joint subassemblages.” In Proc., 10th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, 3211–3217. Madrid, Spain: CRC Press.
Onish, S., M. Sugawara, and Y. Takibuchi. 1990. “Experimental study on the seismic performance of beam-column connections.” In Vol. 12 of Proc., of the Japan Concrete Institute, 681–684. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.
Otani, S., Y. Kobayashi, and H. Aoyama. 1984. Reinforced concrete interior beam-column joints under simulated earthquake loading. Monterey, CA: US-New Zealand-Japan Seminar on Design of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joints.
Owada, Y. 1992. “Seismic behavior of beam-column joint of reinforced concrete exterior frame under varying axial load.” In Proc., 10th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, 3181–3184. Madrid, Spain: CRC Press.
Ozaki, E., A. Nishio, K. Tajima, and N. Shirai. 2010. “Damage evaluation of RC beam column joints based on the image measurement.” In Vol. 32 of Proc., Japan Concrete Institute, 301–306. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.
Pimanmas, A., and P. Chaimahawan. 2010. “Shear strength of beam–column joint with enlarged joint area.” Eng. Struct. 32 (9): 2529–2545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.04.021.
Pimanmas, A., and P. Chaimahawan. 2011. “Cyclic shear resistance of expanded beam-column joint.” Procedia Eng. 14: 1292–1299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.07.162.
Pradeesh, L. V., S. Sasmal, K. Devi, and K. Ramanjaneyulu. 2015. “Evaluation of models for joint shear strength of beam–column subassemblages for seismic resistance.” In Advances in structural engineering, 885–896. New Delhi, India: Springer.
Raffaelle, G. S., and J. K. Wight. 1995. “Reinforced concrete eccentric beam-column connection subjected to earthquake-type loading.” ACI Struct. J. 92 (1): 45–55.
Ratrout, N. T. 2014. “Short-term traffic flow prediction using group method data handling (GMDH)-based abductive networks.” Arabian J. Sci. Eng. 39 (2): 631–646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-013-0681-3.
Ruiz-Pinilla, J. G., F. J. Pallarés, E. Gimenez, and P. A. Calderón. 2014. “Experimental tests on retrofitted RC beam-column joints underdesigned to seismic loads. General approach.” Eng. Struct. 59: 702–714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.11.008.
Seckin, M., and K. Ogura. 1979. Experimental studies on reinforced concrete beam- column joints (exterior). Extra, No. 2443. Tokyo: Transactions of the Japan Concrete Institute.
Sharma, A., R. Eligehausen, and G. R. Reddy. 2011. “A new model to simulate joint shear behavior of poorly detailed beam–column connections in RC structures under seismic loads, Part I: Exterior joints.” Eng. Struct. 33 (3): 1034–1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.12.026.
Shin, M., and J. M. LaFave. 2004. “Modeling of cyclic joint shear deformation contributions in RC beam-column connections to overall frame behavior.” Struct. Eng. Mech. 18 (5): 645–669. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2004.18.5.645.
Shinjo, H., K. Matsunaga, H. Kawakami, and H. Kosaka. 2009. Loading tests of RC beam-column joint using high-strength concrete. Rep., Technical Research and Development Center of Sumitomo Mitsui Construction Co., No. 9, 93–99.
Shiohara, H. 1998. “Analysis of joint shear failure of high-strength reinforced concrete interior beam-to-column joint.” In Proc., High Strength Concrete, 65–78. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Smith, B. J. 1972. Exterior reinforced concrete joints with low axial load under seismic loading. M.S. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Canterbury.
Sugawara, M., and Y. Takibuchi. 1990. “Experimental study on the seismic performance of beam-column connections.” In Proc., Japan Concrete Institute, 681–684. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.
Takamori, N., K. Hayashi, S. Sasaki, and M. Teraoka. 2006. “Experimental study on full-scale R/C interior beam-column joints.” In Vol. 28 of Proc., Japan Concrete Institute, 283–288. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.
Takatani, S., and M. Maruta. 2003. “Experimental study on bond behavior of mechanical anchorage in beam column connections.” In Vol. 25 of Proc., Japan Concrete Institute, 463–468. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.
Teng, S., and H. Zhou. 2003. “Eccentric reinforced concrete beam-column joints subjected to cyclic loading.” ACI Struct. J. 100 (2): 139–148.
Teraoka, M. 1997. A study on seismic design of R/C beam-column joint in high rise frame structure. Research Report, Extra Issue No. 5. Tokyo: Fujita Institute of Technology.
Tsonos, A. G. 2007. “Cyclic load behavior of reinforced concrete beam-column subassemblages of modern structures.” ACI Struct. J. 104 (4): 468–478.
Tsonos, A. G., I. A. Tegos, and G. Gr. Penelis. 1992. “Seismic resistance of type 2 exterior beam-column joints reinforced with inclined bars.” ACI Struct. J. 89 (1): 3–12.
Tsonos, A. 1996. “Influence of p-Δ effect and axial force variations on seismin performance of R/C beam-column joints.” In Proc., 11th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering. Paper No. 679. Oxford: Pergamon.
Tsubosaki, H., H. Shiohara, K. Oka, and J. Furukawa, 1993. “Evaluation of slabbeam-column joints subjected to bi-directional loading.” In Summaries of Technical Papers of Annual Meeting, 877–878. Tokyo: Architectural Institute of Japan.
Uzumeri, S. 1977. “Strength and ductility of cast-in-place beam-column joints.” In Reinforced Concrete Structures in Seismic Zones (SP53), 293–350. Detroit, MI: American Concrete Institute.
Wang, Y.-C., and K. Hsu. 2009. “Shear strength of RC jacketed interior beam-column joints without horizontal shear reinforcement.” ACI Struct. J. 106 (2): 222–232.
Watanabe, K., K. Abe, J. Murakawa, and H. Noguchi. 1988. “Strength and deformation of reinforced concrete interior beam-column joints.” Trans. Jpn. Concr. Inst. 10: 183–188.
Wong, H. F., and J. S. Kuang. 2014. “Predicting shear strength of RC interior beam–column joints by modified rotating-angle softened-truss model.” Comput. Struct. 133: 12–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2013.11.008.
Yashita, N., Y. Ishiwata, M. Ichikawa, J. Furukawa, H. Morimoto, and Y. Matsuzaki. 1996. “Experimental study on reinforced concrete interior beam-column joint with high rise R/C structure” In Summaries of Technical Papers of Annual Meeting, 841–842. Tokyo: Architectural Institute of Japan.
Yoshino, M., S. Takeda, and T. Kamimura. 1997. “Behavior of interior RC beamcolumn connections after yielding of longitudinal beam reinforcement.” In Vol. 19 of Proc., Japan Concrete Institute, 987–992. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.
Yoshiya, H., A. Sumi, K. Masuo, T. Segawa, and T. Hisatoku, 1991. “Experimental study on behaviour of reinforced concrete interior beam-column joints.” In Summaries of Technical Papers of Annual Meeting, 627–628. Tokyo: Architectural Institute of Japan.
Zaid, S., H. Shiohara, and S. Otani, 1999. “Test of a joint reinforcing detail improving joint capacity of r/c interior beam–column joint.” In Proc., 1st Japan-Korea Joint Seminar on Earthquake Engineering for Building Structures. Seoul: Seoul National Univ.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 24 • Issue 2 • May 2019
Copyright
© 2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 1, 2018
Accepted: Dec 7, 2018
Published online: Feb 7, 2019
Published in print: May 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Jul 7, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.