Slip Resistance Behavior of Coal Tar–Coated Steel Pipelines Buried in Clayey and Sandy Backfills from Ground Movement
Publication: Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
Volume 11, Issue 3
Abstract
Slip resistance of soil on buried pipelines develops from movement caused by faults, subsidence, and landslides. In areas with underground mining where subsidence is projected at the ground surface, pipelines crossing the subsided area will be subject to compressive and tensile stresses due to horizontal displacements in addition to vertical displacements. The soil–pipe interaction as well as slip resistance developed at the interface depends on surface roughness, backfill conditions, pipe displacement rate, and pipe depth. In this study, a total of six pipe jacking tests were performed on coal tar–coated pipes buried at depths of 1.2–1.8 m surrounded by clayey to sandy backfill materials. The test pipes were installed using typical pipeline construction practices and were exposed to expected rates of movement from longwall mining. Overall, the results from these field tests showed that for the same pipe depth, the slip resistance in clayey backfill sites was higher than at the sandy backfill site. The slip resistance of pipes under various displacement rates was measured and compared with empirical design guides. The analyses were also compared with results of pullout tests on buried pipes under similar conditions.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. These data include digitized format of the data used in presented plots.
References
ALA (American Lifelines Alliance). 2005. Guidelines for the design of buried steel pipe. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Alam, S., and E. N. Allouche. 2010 “Experimental investigation of pipe soil friction coefficients for direct buried PVC pipes.” In Proc., ASCE Pipeline Division Specialty Conf. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Alam, S., E. N. Allouche, C. Bartlett, A. Sherpa, and B. Keil. 2013. “Experimental evaluation of soil-pipe friction coefficients for coated steel pipes.” In Proc., ASCE Pipelines Conf. Reston, VA: ASCE.
ASCE. 1984. Guidelines for the seismic design of oil and gas pipeline systems, 573. New York: Committee on Gas and Liquid Fuel Lifelines, Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, ASCE.
ASTM. 2015a. Standard test method for density and unit weight of soil in place by the rubber balloon method. ASTM D2167. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2015b. Standard test method for density and unit weight of soil in place by sand-cone method. ASTM D1556. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2020. Standard test method for consolidated drained triaxial compression test for soils. ASTM D7181-11. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Bruschi, R., S. Bughi, and M. Spinaze. 2010. “The role of FEM in the operation of pipelines on unstable slopes.” J. Pipeline Eng. 9 (3): 167–177.
Cappelletto, A., R. Tagliaferri, G. Giurlani, G. Anderi, G. Furlani, and G. Scarpelli. 1998. “Field full scale test on longitudinal pipeline-soil interaction.” In Vol. 2 of Proc., Int. Pipeline Conf., 771–778. New York: ASME.
Chakraborty, D. 2018. “Lateral resistance of buried pipeline in C-F soil.” J. Pipeline Syst. Eng. Pract. 9 (1): 06017006. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)PS.1949-1204.0000289.
Duncan, J. M., and R. B. Seed. 1986. “Compaction-induced earth pressures under Ko-condition.” J. Geotech. Eng. 112 (2): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1986)112:1(1).
Honegger, D. G. 1999. “Field measurement of axial soil friction forces on buried pipelines.” In Proc., Fifth US Conf. on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering, 703–710. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Honegger, D. G., J. D. Hart, R. Phillips, C. Popelar, and R. W. Gailing. 2010. “Recent PRCI guidelines for pipelines exposed to landslide and ground subsidence hazards.” In Proc., Int. Pipeline Conf., IPC-31311, 10. Calgary, Canada.
Honegger, D. G., and D. J. Nyman. 2004. “Guidelines for the seismic design and assessment of natural gas and liquid hydrocarbon pipelines.” In Proc., Pipeline Research Council Int. (PRCI). Chantilly, VA: Pipeline Research Council International.
Karimian, A. H. 2006. “Response of buried steel pipelines subjected to longitudinal and transverse ground movement.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of British Colombia.
Kenny, S., J. Barrett, R. Phillips, and R. Popescu. 2007. “Integrating geohazard demand and structural capacity modeling within a probabilistic design framework for offshore arctic pipelines.” In Proc., Int. Offshore and Polar Engineering Conf., ISOPE2007-SBD-03, 9. Cupertino, CA: International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers.
Kenny, S., and P. Jukes. 2015. “Pipeline/soil interaction modelling in support of pipeline engineering design and integrity.” In Oil gas pipelines: Integrity and safety handbook, 99–142. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Kulhawy, F. H. C., C. H. Trautmann, J. F. Beech, T. D. O’Rourke, and W. McGuire. 1983. Transmission line structure foundations for uplift-compression loading.. Palo Alto, CA: Electric Power Research Institute.
McAllister, E. E. 2009. Pipeline rules of thumb handbook: A manual of quick accurate solutions to everyday pipeline engineering problems. Waltham, MA: Gulf Professional Printing, Elsevier.
Meidani, M., M. Meguid, and L. Chouinard. 2017. “Evaluation of soil-pipe interaction under axial ground movement.” J. Pipeline Syst. Eng. Pract. 8 (4): 04017009. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)PS.1949-1204.0000269.
Meskele, T., and A. W. Stuedlein. 2015. “Static soil resistance to pipe ramming in granular soils.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 141 (3): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001237.
Namli, M., and E. Guler. 2017. “Effect of bentonite slurry pressure on interface friction of pipe jacking.” J. Pipeline Syst. Eng. Pract. 8 (2): 04016016. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)PS.1949-1204.0000255.
O’Rourke, M. J., and C. Nordberg. 1992. Longitudinal permanent ground deformation effects on buried continuous pipelines.. Buffalo, NY: National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research.
PRCI (Pipeline Research Council International). 2009. “Guidelines for the seismic design and assessment for natural gas and liquid hydrocarbon pipelines.” In Proc., Pipeline Research Council Int., 203. Chantilly, VA: PRCI.
Rizkalla, M., A. Trigg, and G. Simmonds. 1996. “Recent advances in the modeling of longitudinal pipeline/soil interaction for cohesive soils.” In Vol. V of Proc., 15th Int. Conf. on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 325–332. New York: ASME.
Scarpelli, G., E. Sakellariadi, and G. Furlani. 1999. “Longitudinal pipeline-soil interaction: Results from field full scale and laboratory testing.” In Proc., 12th European Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 511–519. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Balkema.
Scarpelli, G., E. Sakellariadi, and G. Furlani. 2003. “Evaluation of soil-pipeline longitudinal interaction forces.” Rivista Italiana di Geotecnica 37 (4): 24–41.
Stuedlein, A. W., and T. Meskele. 2012. “Preliminary design and engineering of pipe ramming installations.” J. Pipeline Syst. Eng. Pract. 3 (4): 125–134. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)PS.1949-1204.0000107.
Trautmann, C. H., and T. D. O’Rourke. 1983. Behavior of pipe in dry sand under lateral and uplift loading. Geotechnical Engineering Rep. 83-7. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ.
Weerasekara, L., and D. Wijewickreme. 2008. “Mobilization of soil loads on buried, polyethylene natural gas pipelines to relative axial displacements.” Can. Geotech. J. 45 (9): 1237–1249. https://doi.org/10.1139/T08-043.
Wham, B. P., B. A. Berger, C. Pariya-Ekkasut, and T. D. O’Rourke. 2018. “Hazard-resilient pipeline joint soil-structure interaction under large axial displacement.” In Geotechnical earthquake engineering and soil dynamics V, 276–285. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Wham, B. P., C. Pariya-Ekkasut, C. Argyrou, A. Lederman, T. D. O’Rourke, and H. E. Stewart. 2017. “Experimental characterization of hazard-resilient ductile iron pipe soil/structure interaction under axial displacement.” In Proc., Congress on Technical Advancement, 124–134. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Wijewickreme, D., H. Karimian, and D. Honegger. 2009. “Response of buried steel pipelines subjected to relative axial soil improvement.” Can. Geotech. J. 46 (7): 735–752. https://doi.org/10.1139/T09-019.
Wijewickreme, D., and L. Weerasekara. 2014. “Analytical modeling of field axial pullout tests performed on buried extensible pipes.” Int. J. Geomech. 15 (2): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000388.
Winkler, E. 1867. DIE leher von der elastizitat und festiigkeit. Prague, Czech Republic: Dominicus.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
Volume 11 • Issue 3 • August 2020
Copyright
©2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 10, 2018
Accepted: Jan 23, 2020
Published online: Apr 18, 2020
Published in print: Aug 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Sep 18, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.