Determining the Depth and Location of Buried Pipeline by Magnetometer Survey
Publication: Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
Volume 11, Issue 2
Abstract
This paper proposes a new approach to determine the depth and location of buried pipelines using the remote magnetic field measured by aboveground magnetometer surveys. Calculation is presented and verified by the experimental results on 152-mm (6-in.). steel vessels. Performance of the technique is also evaluated through field trials against industrial pipe locators. The depth calculated from the measured magnetic field using this proposed technique agreed within the tolerance interval representing the confidence level of 99.7% of the depth determined by the industrial devices and was able to trend changes of the buried depth. In addition, it was possible to map the target pipeline using the survey route coordinates by calculating the lateral position of the survey route relative to the pipeline centerline from the measured magnetic field. So far, the depth measured by this proposed technique has shown a potential error of 8%. By producing a three-dimensional profile of buried pipelines through quick aboveground surveys, the proposed technique can be considered as a screening technique for asset and integrity management such as monitoring geohazard conditions.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code used during the study are proprietary or confidential in nature and may only be provided with restrictions.
Acknowledgments
The work in this paper is possible thanks to the funding and support from National Grid, Speir Hunter, and DNV/GL.
References
Atherton, D. L., and D. C. Jiles. 1986. “Effects of stress on magnetization.” NDT Int. 19 (1): 15–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(86)90135-5.
Costello, S. B., D. N. Chapman, C. D. F. Rogers, and N. Metje. 2007. “Underground asset location and condition assessment technologies.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 22 (5): 524–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2007.06.001.
Daniels, D. J. 2005. “Ground penetrating radar.” In Encyclopedia of RF and microwave engineering. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
EGIG (European Gas Pipeline Incident Data Group). 2015. “Gas pipeline incidents: 9th report of the European gas pipeline incident data group (period 1970–2013).” Accessed November 20, 2019. http://www.egig.eu/uploads/bestanden/ba6dfd62-4044-4a4d-933c-07bf56b82383.
Guthrie, R., E. Reid, J. Richmond, P. Ghuman, and Y. Cormier. 2018. “InSAR and the Pipeline Geohazards Toolbox: Instructions for use as of 2018.” In Proc., 2018 12th Int. Pipeline Conf., V003T04A035–V003T04A035. New York: ASME.
Hao, T., C. D. F. Rogers, N. Metje, D. N. Chapman, J. M. Muggleton, K. Y. Foo, and P. Wang. 2012. “Condition assessment of the buried utility service infrastructure.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 28 (Mar): 331–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2011.10.011.
Hornacek, M., D. Schall, P. Glira, S. Geiger, A. Egger, A. Filip, C. Windisch, and M. Liepe. 2018. “Geospatial analytics in the large for monitoring depth of cover for buried pipeline infrastructure.” In Proc., 2018 IEEE Int. Conf. on Cloud Engineering (IC2E), 233–240. New York: IEEE.
Jol, H. M. 2008. Ground penetrating radar theory and applications. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
Lai, W. W.-L., X. Dérobert, and P. Annan. 2018. “A review of ground penetrating radar application in civil engineering: A 30-year journey from locating and testing to imaging and diagnosis.” NDT and E Int. 96 (Jun): 58–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2017.04.002.
Li, R., M. Cai, Y. Shi, Q. Feng, and P. Chen. 2018. “Technologies and application of pipeline centerline and bending strain of in-line inspection based on inertial navigation.” Trans. Inst. Meas. Control 40 (5): 1554–1567. https://doi.org/10.1177/0142331216685392.
Radiodetection. 2014. “RD8000 universal precision cable, pipe and RF marker locator range.” Accessed November 20, 2019. http://www.edisurveys.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/Radiodetection-RD8000-Brochure.pdf.
Sowerbutts, W. T. C. 1988. “The use of geophysical methods to locate joints in underground metal pipelines.” Q. J. Eng. Geol. Hydrogeol. 21 (3): 273–281. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.QJEG.1988.021.03.02.
Speir Hunter. 2015. “Stress concentration tomography.” Accessed November 20, 2019. https://www.speirhunter.co.uk/online-brochures2.
Staples, S. G. H., C. Vo, D. M. J. Cowell, S. Freear, C. Ives, and B. T. H. Varcoe. 2013. “Solving the inverse problem of magnetisation–stress resolution.” J. Appl. Phys. 113 (13): 133905. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4799049.
Tao, C. V., and Y. Hu. 2002. “Assessment of airborne LIDAR and imaging technology for pipeline mapping and safety applications.” In Integrated Remote Sensing at the Global, Regional and Local Scale, ISPRS Commission I Mid-Term Symp. in Conjunction with Pecora 15/Land Satellite Information IV Conf. Proc. Denver: ASPRS, Imaging and Geospatial Information Society.
Topcon. 2014. “Gr-5 with vanguard technology: Advanced GNSS receiver.” Accessed November 20, 2019. https://www.topconpositioning.com/support/products/gr-5.
Viana, A., L.-L. Rouve, O. Chadebec, G. Cauffet, and J.-L. Coulomb. 2011. “Inverse problem approach to characterize and model magnetization changes in a thin shell structure undergoing magneto-mechanical effects.” IEEE Trans. Magn. 47 (5): 1450–1453. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2010.2097242.
Xu, T. D. 2018. “Understanding quantitative performance of large standoff magnetometry in detecting live gas pipeline anomalies with stress estimation.” In Proc., 2018 12th Int. Pipeline Conf., V001T03A020–V001T03A020. New York: ASME.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
Volume 11 • Issue 2 • May 2020
Copyright
©2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 28, 2019
Accepted: Jul 19, 2019
Published online: Jan 2, 2020
Published in print: May 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Jun 2, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.