Hydrodynamic Study of the Impact of Extreme Flooding Events on Wastewater Treatment Plants Considering Total Water Level
Publication: Natural Hazards Review
Volume 23, Issue 1
Abstract
Climate change, sea level rise, and storm surge events are now significant factors threatening critical water and wastewater infrastructure. Extreme storm events have increased the need for the preparation required to face the challenges of climate change. In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy impacted 13 wastewater treatment facilities in New York City alone, causing millions of dollars in damage. Sandy was only a tropical storm, with a wind speed of (), when it made landfall in New York; however, it caused havoc because it combined with other local cascading events. The storm damage was caused by cascading synergistic events, including storm surge, sea level rise, and rain, rather than a singular decisive event of factor. The disaster left behind by Superstorm Sandy alone magnifies the dire need to understand the damage scenarios and consequences, and to identify resiliency plans and mitigation strategies that take into account a multitude of parameters that contributed to the intensified and devastating impacts. This work formulated the critical factors into a new concept introduced here as total water level (TWL). Using hydrodynamic models, the flood depths and elevations were calculated for various return periods and hurricane categories for coastal and riverine flooding, considering TWL to demonstrate the role of cascading events. The results show the compound effect of extreme storm events as hurricane surge combines forces with sea level rise and rainfall events; it translated into an additional 2.74–4.26 m of flooding in two studied locations.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or codes that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. This includes raw data, analysis results, figures, tables and codes that was generated as part of the study.
Acknowledgments
The New York State Resiliency Institute for Storms and Emergencies (NYS-RISE) was founded to address the challenges in the State. This work has been funded by a research project that the State of New York supports through NYS-RISE.
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Natural Hazards Review
Volume 23 • Issue 1 • February 2022
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© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Apr 15, 2021
Accepted: Sep 12, 2021
Published online: Oct 28, 2021
Published in print: Feb 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Mar 28, 2022
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