Influence of Same-Grade Asphalt Binder from Different Sources and Aging on Moisture Damage Characteristics of Asphalt–Aggregate System
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34, Issue 8
Abstract
India is witnessing unprecedented growth in its road network. To meet the asphalt binder demand, distillation towers have been loaded with crude oil from different sources. Although the quality system is expected to guarantee reduced variability, a quality system based on traditional indexes may lead to high variability in binders of the same grade. Because India relies on traditional indexes for quality control, we aimed to quantify such variability and its impact specifically on moisture damage resistivity. Additionally, the response of binders from different sources in the short term and long term has also been evaluated. Five binder sources were selected, and they were meant to conform to the same viscosity grade. Thereafter, moisture damage assessment tests such as surface free energy (SFE) measurements, bitumen bond strength (BBS) test, rolling bottle test (RBT), and boiling water test (BWT) were performed in unaged, short-term aged, and long-term aged conditions. Additionally, variations in chemistry of the binders were assessed based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It was concluded that the chemical and moisture damage characteristics had a strong dependence on the source of the binder. Furthermore, there was substantial variability in the moisture damage performance for binders from different sources. This implied that quality systems based on traditional indexes may not be stringent enough to reduce the variability. The impact of aging on the moisture damage resistivity of the asphalt–aggregate system was also discussed. Given the limited information available in the literature on asphalt binder variability of the traditional grading system, the data reported in this study can serve as reference for future studies dealing with its characterization and assist in developing a strategy for reducing uncertainty related to the performance of asphalt mixes.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The data available include FTIR spectroscopy results, SFE results, BBS results, RBT results, and BWT results. Furthermore, the data are available for three aging conditions: unaged, short-term aged, and long-term aged.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay, for procuring various instruments (Sessile drop, RTFO, PAV, BBS instrument, and rolling bottle instrument). The authors also thank Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF), IIT Bombay, for carrying out various tests for this research work.
References
AASHTO. 2016. Standard method of test for determining asphalt binder bond strength by means of the binder bond strength test. AASHTO T 361. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Aguiar-Moya, J. P., J. Salazar-Delgado, A. Baldi-Sevilla, F. Leiva-Villacorta, and L. Loria-Salazar. 2015. “Effect of aging on adhesion properties of asphalt mixtures with the use of bitumen bond strength and surface energy measurement tests.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2505 (1): 57–65. https://doi.org/10.3141/2505-08.
Alvarez, A. E., L. V. Espinosa, S. Caro, E. J. Rueda, J. P. Aguiar, and L. G. Loria. 2018. “Differences in asphalt binder variability quantified through traditional and advanced laboratory testing.” Constr. Build. Mater. 176 (Jul): 500–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.046.
ASTM. 1981. Standard test method for solubility of asphalt materials in trichloroethylene. ASTM D2042-76-81. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2004. Standard test method for effect of heat and air on a moving film of asphalt (rolling thin-film oven test). ASTM D2872-04. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2007. Standard test method for ductility of bituminous materials. ASTM D113-07. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2010. Standard test method for viscosity of asphalts by vacuum capillary viscometer. ASTM D2171-10. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2013a. Standard practice for accelerated aging of asphalt binder using a pressurized aging vessel (PAV). ASTM D6521-13a. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2013b. Standard test method for penetration of bituminous materials. ASTM D5/D5M-13b. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2014. Standard test method for softening point of bitumen (ring-and-ball apparatus). ASTM D36/D36M-14e1. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2015. Standard test method for viscosity determination of asphalt at elevated temperatures using a rotational viscometer. ASTM D4402/D4402M-15. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2017. Standard test method for pull-off strength of coatings using portable adhesion testers. ASTM D4541-17. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2018. Standard practice for effect of water on bituminous-coated aggregate using boiling water. ASTM D3625-18. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Bhasin, A., J. Howson, E. Masad, D. N. Little, and R. L. Lytton. 2007. “Effect of modification processes on bond energy of asphalt binders.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1998 (1): 29–37. https://doi.org/10.3141/1998-04.
BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards). 2001. Paving bitumen specification. IS 73. New Delhi, India: Indian Standard Institution.
Błażejowski, K., J. Olszacki, H. Peciakowski, and M. Wójcik-Wiśniewska. 2016. “Testing of bitumen-aggregate affinity by various methods.” In Proc., 6th Eurasphalt & Eurobitume Congress, 1–3. Plock, Poland: ORLEN Asfalt.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2011. Bituminous mixtures. Test methods for hot mix asphalts. Part 11: Determination of affinity between aggregate and binder. EN 12697-11. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
Copeland, A. R., J. Youtcheff, and A. Shenoy. 2007. “Moisture sensitivity of modified asphalt binders: Factors influencing bond strength.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1998 (1): 18–28. https://doi.org/10.3141/1998-03.
Grenfell, J., A. Apeagyei, and G. Airey. 2015. “Moisture damage assessment using surface energy, bitumen stripping and the SATS moisture conditioning procedure.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 16 (5): 411–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2015.1007235.
Hamedi, G. H., and F. Moghadas Nejad. 2015. “Using energy parameters based on the surface free energy concept to evaluate the moisture susceptibility of hot mix asphalt.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 16 (2): 239–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2014.990049.
Hofko, B., L. Porot, A. F. Cannone, L. Poulikakos, L. Huber, X. Lu, and H. Grothe. 2018. “FTIR spectral analysis of bituminous binders: Reproducibility and impact of ageing temperature.” Mater. Struct. 51 (2): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-018-1170-7.
Howson, J., E. Masad, A. Bhasin, D. Little, and R. Lytton. 2011. “Comprehensive analysis of surface free energy of asphalts and aggregates and the effects of changes in pH.” Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (5): 2554–2564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.098.
Kennedy, T. W., F. L. Roberts, and J. N. Anagnos. 1984. Texas boiling test for evaluating moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures. FHWA-TX-85-63+253-5. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration.
Kim, S., and B. J. Coree. 2005. Evaluation of hot mix asphalt moisture sensitivity using the Nottingham asphalt test equipment. Ames, IW: Iowa State Univ.
Lamontagne, J., P. Dumas, V. Mouillet, and J. Kister. 2001. “Comparison by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of different ageing techniques: Application to road bitumens.” Fuel 80 (4): 483–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(00)00121-6.
Loeber, L., O. Sutton, J. V. J. M. Morel, J. M. Valleton, and G. Muller. 1996. “New direct observations of asphalts and asphalt binders by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.” J. Microsc. 182 (1): 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2818.1996.134416.x.
Masson, J. F., V. Leblond, and J. Margeson. 2006. “Bitumen morphologies by phase-detection atomic force microscopy.” J. Microsc. 221 (1): 17–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.2006.01540.x.
Matolia, S., G. Guduru, B. Gottumukkala, and K. K. Kuna. 2020. “An investigation into the influence of aging and rejuvenation on surface free energy components and chemical composition of bitumen.” Constr. Build. Mater. 245 (Jun): 118378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118378.
Michalica, P., I. B. Kazatchkov, J. Stastna, and L. Zanzotto. 2008. “Relationship between chemical and rheological properties of two asphalts of different origins.” Fuel 87 (15–16): 3247–3253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2008.05.021.
Mishra, V., and D. Singh. 2019. “Impact of short-term aging temperatures of asphalt binder and aggregate roughness levels on bond strength.” Constr. Build. Mater. 218 (Sep): 295–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.125.
Mullapudi, R. S., and K. Sudhakar Reddy. 2020. “Relationship between rheological properties of RAP binders and cohesive surface free energy.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (6): 04020137. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003199.
Nahar, S. N., A. J. M. Schmets, A. Scarpas, and G. Schitter. 2013. “Temperature and thermal history dependence of the microstructure in bituminous materials.” Eur. Polym. J. 49 (8): 1964–1974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.03.027.
Nie, Y., W. Gao, C. Zhou, P. Yu, and X. Song. 2021. “Evaluation of ageing behaviors of asphalt binders using FTIR tests.” Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 14 (5): 615–624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-020-0210-1.
Nivitha, M. R., E. Prasad, and J. M. Krishnan. 2016. “Ageing in modified bitumen using FTIR spectroscopy.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 17 (7): 565–577. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2015.1007230.
Oyekunle, L. O. 2006. “Certain relationships between chemical composition and properties of petroleum asphalts from different origin.” Oil Gas Sci. Technol. 61 (3): 433–441. https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst:2006043a.
Pauli, A. T., R. W. Grimes, A. G. Beemer, T. F. Turner, and J. F. Branthaver. 2011. “Morphology of asphalts, asphalt fractions and model wax-doped asphalts studied by atomic force microscopy.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 12 (4): 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2011.575942.
Perez-Martinez, M., P. Marsac, T. Gabet, and E. Chailleux. 2016. “Prediction of the mechanical properties of aged asphalt mixes from FTIR measurements.” In Proc., 8th RILEM Int. Symp. on Testing and Characterization of Sustainable and Innovative Bituminous Materials, 399–409. Berlin: Springer.
Petersen, J. C. 2000. “Chemical composition of asphalt as related to asphalt durability.” In Developments in petroleum science, 363–399. Berlin: Elsevier.
Qian, Y., F. Guo, Z. Leng, Y. Zhang, and H. Yu. 2020. “Simulation of the field aging of asphalt binders in different reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) materials in Hong Kong through laboratory tests.” Constr. Build. Mater. 265 (Dec): 120651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120651.
Rahmani, H., H. Shirmohammadi, and G. H. Hamedi. 2018. “Effect of asphalt binder aging on thermodynamic parameters and its relationship with moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixes.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (11): 04018278. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002453.
Redelius, P. G. 2006. “The structure of asphaltenes in bitumen.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 7 (1): 143–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2006.9690062.
Robertson, R. E., J. F. Branthaver, P. M. Harnsberger, J. C. Petersen, S. M. Dorrence, J. F. McKay, and T. Williams. 2001. Fundamental properties of asphalts and modified asphalts. FHWA-RD-99-212. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration.
Roopashree, M. S., D. Singh, and B. Showkat. 2020. “A comprehensive study on source dependency of conventional, chemical and rheological properties of asphalt binder.” Constr. Build. Mater. 258 (Oct): 120338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120338.
Rothfuss, N. E., and M. D. Petters. 2017. “Influence of functional groups on the viscosity of organic aerosol.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 51 (1): 271–279. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04478.
Sultana, S., and A. Bhasin. 2014. “Effect of chemical composition on rheology and mechanical properties of asphalt binder.” Constr. Build. Mater. 72 (Dec): 293–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.022.
Tran, N., and K. Hall. 2005. “Evaluating the predictive equation in determining dynamic moduli of typical asphalt mixtures used in Arkansas.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol. 74: 1–17.
Van Oss, C. J., R. J. Good, and M. K. Chaudhury. 1986. “Solubility of proteins.” J. Protein Chem. 5 (6): 385–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01025572.
Wang, F., Y. Xiao, P. Cui, J. Lin, M. Li, and Z. Chen. 2020. “Correlation of asphalt performance indicators and aging degrees: A review.” Constr. Build. Mater. 250 (Jul): 118824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118824.
Wei, J., and Y. Zhang. 2010. “Influence of aging on surface free energy of asphalt binder.” Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 3 (6): 343.
Yan, C., W. Huang, and Q. Lv. 2016. “Study on bond properties between RAP aggregates and virgin asphalt using Binder Bond Strength test and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy.” Constr. Build. Mater. 124 (Oct): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.024.
Yao, H., Q. Dai, and Z. You. 2015. “Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy characterization of aging-related properties of original and nano-modified asphalt binders.” Constr. Build. Mater. 101 (Dec): 1078–1087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.085.
Zaidi, S. B. A., G. D. Airey, J. Grenfell, R. M. Alfaqawi, I. Ahmed, N. Ahmad, and M. Haynes. 2021. “Moisture susceptibility of hydrated lime modified mastics using adhesion test methods and surface free energy techniques.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 22 (7): 829–841. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2019.1648811.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34 • Issue 8 • August 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 17, 2021
Accepted: Dec 1, 2021
Published online: May 24, 2022
Published in print: Aug 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Oct 24, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.