ECO-UHPC with High-Volume Class-F Fly Ash: New Insight into Mechanical and Durability Properties
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33, Issue 7
Abstract
Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), despite its superior mechanical and durability properties, has a high footprint owing to its high portland cement content. This drawback can be offset to a notable extent if a high volume of supplementary cementitious materials can be utilized to produce UHPC while maintaining mechanical and durability properties that are comparable to those of conventional UHPC. In this study the effects of high-volume cement replacement by Class-F fly ash (up to 70% by mass) on the mechanical, durability, and microstructure properties of UHPC are investigated, with the aim of encouraging moderate- to low-volume cement use in UHPC (from 600 down to ). Environmentally friendly-UHPC (ECO-UHPC) mixes, which have footprint intensities of less than , have been synthesized with different replacements of cement by Class-F fly ash. Results suggest that concretes with ultrahigh strength () and a strength greater than 100 MPa can be prepared with up to 40% and 70% replacements, respectively, without employing any special curing or fibers. A model has been developed to predict the compressive strength of fly ash–based UHPC from the contents and chemical compositions of its binders. UHPCs made with up to 60% cement replacement by Class-F fly ash exhibit durability properties comparable to that of UHPC without fly ash, in terms of water absorption, initial rate of water absorption, and corrosion risk. The depth of carbonation remains below the detection limit of 0.5 mm, up to 70% replacement.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the facilities provided by the Centre for Microscopy, Characterization & Analysis, University of Western Australia, for conducting the microstructure analyses. Special thanks are given to Adelaide Brighton Cement, Australia; Mapei, Australia; and Sika, Australia for providing respectively the cement, superplasticizer, and defoamer used in this study. The authors thank Ms. Alexandra Meek for providing guidance to conduct the durability tests. The authors also thank Mr. Allan Xu, Mr. Samuel Bouffler, Mr. Shane Walshe, and Mr. Kai Zhao for their contributions during the laboratory work. The research was carried out while the first author was in receipt of a University Postgraduate Award and the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship at the University of Western Australia.
References
Abbas, S., A. M. Soliman, and M. L. Nehdi. 2015. “Exploring mechanical and durability properties of ultra-high performance concrete incorporating various steel fiber lengths and dosages.” Constr. Build. Mater. 75 (Jan): 429–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.017.
Abdulkareem, O. M., A. Ben Fraj, M. Bouasker, and A. Khelidj. 2018. “Effect of chemical and thermal activation on the microstructural and mechanical properties of more sustainable UHPC.” Constr. Build. Mater. 169 (Apr): 567–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.214.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 1992. State-of-the-art report on high-strength concrete. ACI 363R. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2014. Building code requirements for structural concrete. ACI 318. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Ahmad, S., I. Hakeem, and A. K. Azad. 2014. “Effect of curing, fibre content and exposures on compressive strength and elasticity of UHPC.” Adv. Cem. Res. 27 (4): 233–239. https://doi.org/10.1680/adcr.13.00090.
Ahmad, S., A. Zubair, and M. Maslehuddin. 2015. “Effect of key mixture parameters on flow and mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 99 (Nov): 73–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.09.010.
Aldred, J. 2010. “Burj Khalifa—A new high for high-performance concrete.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Civ. Eng. 163 (2): 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1680/cien.2010.163.2.66.
Alsalman, A., C. N. Dang, G. S. Prinz, and W. M. Hale. 2017. “Evaluation of modulus of elasticity of ultra-high performance concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 153 (Oct): 918–928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.158.
Alsayed, S. H., and M. A. Amjad. 1996. “Strength, water absorption and porosity of concrete incorporating natural and crushed aggregate.” J. King Saud Univ.—Eng. Sci. 8 (1): 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1018-3639(18)30642-1.
AS (Australia Standards). 1997. Methods of testing concrete: Determination of the static chord modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of concrete specimens. AS 1012.17. Sydney: AS.
AS (Australia Standards). 2000a. Chemical admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout, Part 1: Admixtures for concrete. AS 1478.1. Sydney: AS.
AS (Australia Standards). 2000b. Methods of testing concrete: Determination of the modulus of rupture. AS 1012.11. Sydney: AS.
AS (Australia Standards). 2000c. Methods of testing concrete: Determination of indirect tensile strength of concrete cylinders (“Brasil” or splitting test). AS 1012.10. Sydney: AS.
AS (Australia Standards). 2009. Concrete structures. AS 3600. Sydney: AS.
AS (Australia Standards). 2015. Methods of testing concrete: Determination of properties related to the consistency of concrete—Slump flow, T500 and J-ring test. AS 1012.3.5. Sydney: AS.
Ashraf, M., A. Naeem Khan, Q. Ali, J. Mirza, A. Goyal, and A. M. Anwar. 2009. “Physico-Chemical, morphological and thermal analysis for the combined pozzolanic activities of minerals additives.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (6): 2207–2213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.12.008.
AS/NZS (Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand). 2001. Steel reinforcing materials. AS/NZS 4671. Sydney: AS/SNZ.
AS/NZS (Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand). 2003. Masonry units and segmental pavers and flags—Methods of test determining initial rate of absorption (suction). AS/NZS 4456.17. Sydney: AS/SNZ.
AS/NZS (Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand). 2016a. Supplementary cementitious materials for use with portland and blended cement—Fly ash. AS/NZS 3582.1. Sydney: AS/SNZ.
AS/NZS (Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand). 2016b. Supplementary cementitious materials for use with portland and blended cement—Amorphous silica. AS/NZS 3582.3. Sydney: AS/SNZ.
ASTM. 2015. Standard test method for corrosion potentials of uncoated reinforcing steel in concrete. ASTM C876. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2016. Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens). ASTMC109/C109M. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2019a. Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or Calcined natural Pozzolan for use in concrete. ASTM C618. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2019b. Standard specification for Portland cement. ASTM C150/C150M-19a. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Berry, E. E., R. T. Hemmings, M. H. Zhang, B. J. Cornelius, and D. M. Golden. 1994. “Hydration in high-volume fly ash concrete binders.” ACI Mater. J. 91 (4): 382–389.
Bonavetti, V., H. Donza, V. Rahhal, and E. Irassar. 2000. “Influence of initial curing on the properties of concrete containing limestone blended cement.” Cem. Concr. Res. 30 (5): 703–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00217-9.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 1992. Methods of tests of burnt clay building bricks, Part 2: Determination of water absorption. IS 3495 (Part 2). New Delhi, India: BSI.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2004. Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures—Test methods—Determination of resistance to carbonation. EN 13295. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
Chen, T., X. Gao, and M. Ren. 2018. “Effects of autoclave curing and fly ash on mechanical properties of ultra-high performance concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 158 (Jan): 864–872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.074.
Chindaprasirt, P., and S. Rukzon. 2008. “Strength, porosity and corrosion resistance of ternary blend portland cement, rice husk ash and fly ash mortar.” Constr. Build. Mater. 22 (8): 1601–1606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.06.010.
Courtial, M., M. N. De Noirfontaine, F. Dunstetter, M. Signes-Frehel, P. Mounanga, K. Cherkaoui, and A. Khelidj. 2013. “Effect of polycarboxylate and crushed quartz in UHPC: Microstructural investigation.” Constr. Build. Mater. 44 (Jul): 699–705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.077.
Cwirzen, A., V. Penttala, and C. Vornanen. 2008. “Reactive powder based concretes: Mechanical properties, durability and hybrid use with OPC.” Cem. Concr. Res. 38 (10): 1217–1226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.03.013.
Damineli, B. L., F. M. Kemeid, P. S. Aguiar, and V. M. John. 2010. “Measuring the eco-efficiency of cement use.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 32 (8): 555–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.07.009.
Dhundasi, A. A., and R. B. Khadiranaikar. 2019. “Effect of curing conditions on mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete with different dosage of quartz powder.” In Lecture notes in civil engineering. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3317-0_33.
Elchalakani, M., H. Basarir, and A. Karrech. 2017. “Green concrete with high-volume fly ash and slag with recycled aggregate and recycled water to build future sustainable cities.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29 (2): 04016219. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001748.
Elchalakani, M., M. Dong, A. Karrech, G. Li, M. S. Mohamed Ali, T. Xie, and B. Yang. 2018. “Development of fly ash- and slag-based geopolymer concrete with calcium carbonate or microsilica.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (12): 04018325. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002527.
Ferdosian, I., A. Camões, and M. Ribeiro. 2017. “High-volume fly ash paste for developing ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC).” Ciencia e Tecnologia dos Materiais 29 (1): e157–e161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctmat.2016.10.001.
French, W. J. 1991. “Concrete petrography: A review.” Q. J. Eng. Geol. 24 (1): 17–48. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.QJEG.1991.024.01.03.
Gesoglu, M., E. Güneyisi, D. S. Asaad, and G. F. Muhyaddin. 2016a. “Properties of low binder ultra-high performance cementitious composites: Comparison of nanosilica and microsilica.” Constr. Build. Mater. 102 (Part 1): 706–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.11.020.
Gesoglu, M., E. Güneyisi, G. F. Muhyaddin, and D. S. Asaad. 2016b. “Strain hardening ultra-high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites: Effect of fiber type and concentration.” Composites, Part B 103 (Oct): 74–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.08.004.
Ghafari, E., H. Costa, E. Júlio, A. Portugal, and L. Durães. 2012. “Optimization of UHPC by adding nanomaterials.” In Proc., 3rd Int. Symp. on UHPC and Nanotechnology for High Performance Construction Materials, 71–78. Kassel, Germany: Kassel University Press GmbH.
Ghafor, K., S. Qadir, W. Mahmood, and A. Mohammed. 2020. “Statistical variations and new correlation models to predict the mechanical behaviour of the cement mortar modified with silica fume.” Geomech. Geoeng. https://doi.org/10.1080/17486025.2020.1714083.
Gholampour, A., and T. Ozbakkaloglu. 2017. “Performance of sustainable concretes containing very high volume Class-F fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag.” J. Cleaner Prod. 162 (Sep): 1407–1417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.087.
Goaiz, H. A., T. Yu, and M. N. S. Hadi. 2018. “Quality evaluation tests for tensile strength of reactive powder concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (5): 04018070. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002257.
Graybeal, B. A. 2007. “Compressive behavior of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete.” ACI Mater. J. 104 (2): 146–152.
Gupta, S. 2016. “Effect of content and fineness of slag as high volume cement replacement on strength and durability of ultra-high performance mortar.” J. Build. Mater. Struct. 3 (2): 43–54.
Han, B., Z. Wang, S. Zeng, D. Zhou, X. Yu, X. Cui, and J. Ou. 2017. “Properties and modification mechanisms of nano-zirconia filled reactive powder concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 141 (Jun): 426–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.036.
Hannawi, K., H. Bian, W. Prince-Agbodjan, and B. Raghavan. 2016. “Effect of different types of fibers on the microstructure and the mechanical behavior of ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concretes.” Composites, Part B 86 (Feb): 214–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.09.059.
Holschemacher, K., D. Weisse, and S. Klotz. 2004. “Bond of reinforcement in ultra high strength concrete.” In Proc., Int. Symp. on Ultra High Performance Concrete, 375–387. Kassel, Germany: Kassel University Press GmbH.
Horszczaruk, E., E. Mijowska, R. J. Kalenczuk, M. Aleksandrzak, and S. Mijowska. 2015. “Nanocomposite of cement/graphene oxide—Impact on hydration kinetics and Young’s modulus.” Constr. Build. Mater. 78 (Mar): 234–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.009.
Huang, C. H., S. K. Lin, C. S. Chang, and H. J. Chen. 2013. “Mix proportions and mechanical properties of concrete containing very high-volume of Class F fly ash.” Constr. Build. Mater. 46 (Sep): 71–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.04.016.
Huang, H., X. Gao, and D. Jia. 2019. “Effects of rheological performance, antifoaming admixture, and mixing procedure on air bubbles and strength of UHPC.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 31 (4): 04019016. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002651.
Huang, H., X. Gao, H. Wang, and H. Ye. 2017. “Influence of rice husk ash on strength and permeability of ultra-high performance concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 149 (Sep): 621–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.155.
Jaafar, M. F. M., H. M. Saman, N. F. Ariffin, K. Muthusamy, S. W. Ahmad, and N. Ismail. 2018. “Corrosion monitoring on steel reinforced nano metaclayed-UHPC towards strain modulation using fiber Bragg grating sensor.” In Vol. 431 of Proc., IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 122006. Bristol, UK: IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/431/12/122006.
Karihaloo, B. L., and K. M. B. D. Vriese. 1999. “Short-fibre reinforced reactive powder concrete.” In Proc., 3rd Int. RILEM Workshop on High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites, 53–63. Cachan, France: RILEM Publications SARL.
Kayali, O., and M. Sharfuddin Ahmed. 2013. “Assessment of high volume replacement fly ash concrete-concept of performance index.” Constr. Build. Mater. 39 (Feb): 71–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.05.009.
Kayali, O., and B. Zhu. 2005. “Corrosion performance of medium-strength and silica fume high-strength reinforced concrete in a chloride solution.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 27 (1): 117–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.02.040.
Korpa, A., T. Kowald, and R. Trettin. 2009. “Phase development in normal and ultra high performance cementitious systems by quantitative X-ray analysis and thermoanalytical methods.” Cem. Concr. Res. 39 (2): 69–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.11.003.
Kuder, K., D. Lehman, J. Berman, G. Hannesson, and R. Shogren. 2012. “Mechanical properties of self consolidating concrete blended with high volumes of fly ash and slag.” Constr. Build. Mater. 34 (Sep): 285–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.034.
Kwan, A. K. H., and Y. Li. 2013. “Effects of fly ash microsphere on rheology, adhesiveness and strength of mortar.” Constr. Build. Mater. 42 (May): 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.01.015.
Larbi, J. A., and J. M. J. M. Bijen. 1990. “Effects of water-cement ratio, quantity and fineness of sand on the evolution of lime in set portland cement systems.” Cem. Concr. Res. 20 (5): 783–794. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(90)90012-M.
Li, W., Z. Huang, F. Cao, Z. Sun, and S. P. Shah. 2015. “Effects of nano-silica and nano-limestone on flowability and mechanical properties of ultra-high-performance concrete matrix.” Constr. Build. Mater. 95 (Oct): 366–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.137.
Liu, K., R. Yu, Z. Shui, X. Li, X. Ling, W. He, S. Yi, and S. Wu. 2018. “Effects of pumice-based porous material on hydration characteristics and persistent shrinkage of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC).” Materials 12 (1): 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12010011.
Long, G. C., Y. J. Xie, P. M. Wang, and Z. W. Jiang. 2005. “Properties and micro/mecrostructure of reactive powder concrete.” J. Chin. Ceram. Soc. 33 (4): 456–461.
Ma, J., M. Orgass, F. Dehn, D. Schmidt, and N. V. Tue. 2004. “Comparative investigations on ultra-high performance concrete with or without coarse aggregates.” In Proc., Int. Symp. on Ultra High Performance Concrete, 205–212. Kassel, Germany: Kassel University Press GmbH.
Máca, P., J. Zatloukal, and P. Konvalinka. 2012. “Development of ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete mixture.” In Proc., ISBEIA 2012—IEEE Symp. on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications, 861–866. New York: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISBEIA.2012.6423015.
Mao, X., W. Qu, and P. Zhu. 2019. “Mixture optimization of green reactive powder concrete with recycled powder.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 31 (5): 04019033. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002663.
Meek, A. H., C. T. S. Beckett, M. Carsana, and D. Ciancio. 2018. “Corrosion protection of steel embedded in cement-stabilised rammed earth.” Constr. Build. Mater. 187 (Oct): 942–953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.210.
Mounanga, P., K. Cherkaoui, A. Khelidj, M. Courtial, M. N. De Noirfontaine, and F. Dunstetter. 2012. “Extrudable reactive powder concretes: Hydration, shrinkage and transfer properties.” Supplement, Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng. 16 (S1): s99–s114. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2012.681961.
Mueller, U., N. Williams Portal, V. Chozas, M. Flansbjer, I. Larazza, N. da Silva, and K. Malaga. 2016. “Reactive powder concrete for façade elements—A sustainable approach.” J. Facade Des. Eng. 4 (1–2): 53–66. https://doi.org/10.3233/FDE-160051.
Naaman, A. E. 2011. “Half a century of progress leading to ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete: Part 1-overall review.” In Proc., 2nd Int. RILEM Conf. on Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites, 12–14. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: RILEM Publications.
Ng, S., L. I. C. Sandberg, and B. P. Jelle. 2014. “Insulating and strength properties of an aerogel-incorporated mortar based an UHPC formulations.” In Vol. 629–630 of Key engineering materials, 43–48. Zurich, Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.629-630.43.
Peng, Y., S. Hu, and Q. Ding. 2010. “Preparation of reactive powder concrete using fly ash and steel slag powder.” J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. Mater. Sci. Ed. 25 (2): 349–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-010-2349-0.
Richard, P., and M. Cheyrezy. 1995. “Composition of reactive powder concretes.” Cem. Concr. Res. 25 (7): 1501–1511. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(95)00144-2.
Rong, Z., W. Sun, and Y. Zhang. 2010. “Dynamic compression behavior of ultra-high performance cement based composites.” Int. J. Impact Eng. 37 (5): 515–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.11.005.
Ruan, Y., B. Han, X. Yu, Z. Li, J. Wang, S. Dong, and J. Ou. 2018. “Mechanical behaviors of nano-zirconia reinforced reactive powder concrete under compression and flexure.” Constr. Build. Mater. 162 (Feb): 663–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.063.
Sbia, L. A., A. Peyvandi, P. Soroushian, A. M. Balachandra, and K. Sobolev. 2015. “Evaluation of modified-graphite nanomaterials in concrete nanocomposite based on packing density principles.” Constr. Build. Mater. 76 (1): 413–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.019.
Scheydt, J., and H. Müller. 2012. “Microstructure of ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) and its impact on durability.” In Proc., 3rd Int. Symp. on Ultra High Performance Concrete, 349–356. Kassel, Germany: Kassel University Press GmbH.
Schwartzentruber, A., M. Philippe, and G. Marchese. 2004. “Effect of PVA, glass and metallic fibers, and of an expansive admixture on the cracking tendency of ultrahigh strength mortar.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 26 (5): 573–580. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(03)00076-3.
Shen, P., L. Lu, Y. He, F. Wang, and S. Hu. 2019. “The effect of curing regimes on the mechanical properties, nano-mechanical properties and microstructure of ultra-high performance concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 118 (Apr): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.01.004.
Shi, H. S., B. W. Xu, and X. C. Zhou. 2009. “Influence of mineral admixtures on compressive strength, gas permeability and carbonation of high performance concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (5): 1980–1985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.08.021.
Soliman, N. A., and A. Tagnit-Hamou. 2017. “Using glass sand as an alternative for quartz sand in UHPC.” Constr. Build. Mater. 145 (Aug): 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.187.
Song, Q., R. Yu, Z. Shui, X. Wang, S. Rao, and Z. Lin. 2018. “Optimization of fibre orientation and distribution for a sustainable ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC): Experiments and mechanism analysis.” Constr. Build. Mater. 169 (Apr): 8–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.130.
Soutsos, M. N., S. G. Millard, and K. Karaiskos. 2005. “Mix design, mechanical properties, and impact resistance of reactive powder concrete (RPC).” In Proc., Int. RILEM Workshop on High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites (HPFRCC) in Structural Applications, 549–560. Bagneux, France: RILEM Publications.
Sovják, R., T. Vavřiník, P. Máca, J. Zatloukal, P. Konvalinka, and Y. Song. 2013. “Experimental investigation of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete slabs subjected to deformable projectile impact.” Procedia Eng. 65 (2013): 120–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.09.021.
Sujjavanich, S., V. Sida, and P. Suwanvitaya. 2005. “Chloride permeability and corrosion risk of high-volume fly ash concrete with mid-range water reducer.” ACI Mater. J. 102 (3): 177–182.
Tabet, W. E., A. B. Cerato, A. S. E. Madden, and R. E. Jentoft. 2018. “Characterization of hydration products’ formation and strength development in cement-stabilized kaolinite using TG and XRD.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (10): 04018261. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002454.
Tafraoui, A., G. Escadeillas, S. Lebaili, and T. Vidal. 2009. “Metakaolin in the formulation of UHPC.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (2): 669–674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.02.018.
Temuujin, J., W. Rickard, and A. Van Riessen. 2013. “Characterization of various fly ashes for preparation of geopolymers with advanced applications.” Adv. Powder Technol. 24 (2): 495–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2013.01.013.
Wang, D., C. Shi, Z. Wu, L. Wu, S. Xiang, and X. Pan. 2016. “Effects of nanomaterials on hardening of cement–silica fume–fly ash-based ultra-high-strength concrete.” Adv. Cem. Res. 28 (9): 555–566. https://doi.org/10.1680/jadcr.15.00080.
Wang, X. Y., and K. B. Park. 2016. “Analysis of compressive strength development and carbonation depth of high-volume fly ash cement pastes.” ACI Mater. J. 113 (2): 151–161. https://doi.org/10.14359/51688636.
Wu, Z., C. Shi, W. He, and D. Wang. 2016a. “Uniaxial compression behavior of ultra-high performance concrete with hybrid steel fiber.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 28 (12): 06016017. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001684.
Wu, Z., C. Shi, and K. H. Khayat. 2016b. “Influence of silica fume content on microstructure development and bond to steel fiber in ultra-high strength cement-based materials (UHSC).” Cem. Concr. Compos. 71 (Aug): 97–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.05.005.
Wu, Z., C. Shi, K. H. Khayat, and L. Xie. 2018. “Effect of SCM and nano-particles on static and dynamic mechanical properties of UHPC.” Constr. Build. Mater. 182 (Sep): 118–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.126.
Xie, T., and P. Visintin. 2018. “A unified approach for mix design of concrete containing supplementary cementitious materials based on reactivity moduli.” J. Cleaner Prod. 203 (Dec): 68–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.254.
Xie, T. Y., M. Elchalakani, M. S. Mohamed Ali, M. H. Dong, A. Karrech, and G. Li. 2018. “Mechanical and durability properties of self-compacting concrete with blended binders.” Comput. Concr. 22 (4): 407–417.
Yasin, A. K., R. Bayuaji, and T. E. Susanto. 2017. “A review in high early strength concrete and local materials potential.” In Vol. 267 of Proc., IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1–9. Bristol, UK: IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/267/1/012004.
Yodsudjai, W., and T. Pattarakittam. 2017. “Factors influencing half-cell potential measurement and its relationship with corrosion level.” Meas. J. Int. Meas. Confederation 104 (Jul): 159–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.03.027.
Yoo, D. Y., and Y. S. Yoon. 2015. “Structural performance of ultra-high-performance concrete beams with different steel fibers.” Eng. Struct. 102 (Nov): 409–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.08.029.
Yu, R., P. Spiesz, and H. J. H. Brouwers. 2014. “Effect of nano-silica on the hydration and microstructure development of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) with a low binder amount.” Constr. Build. Mater. 65 (Aug): 140–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.063.
Yu, R., P. Spiesz, and H. J. H. Brouwers. 2015a. “Development of an eco-friendly ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) with efficient cement and mineral admixtures uses.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 55 (Jan): 383–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.09.024.
Yu, R., P. Spiesz, and H. J. H. Brouwers. 2015b. “Development of ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC): Towards an efficient utilization of binders and fibres.” Constr. Build. Mater. 79 (Mar): 273–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.01.050.
Yunsheng, Z., S. Wei, L. Sifeng, J. Chujie, and L. Jianzhong. 2008. “Preparation of C200 green reactive powder concrete and its static-dynamic behaviors.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 30 (9): 831–838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.06.008.
Zhao, S., and W. Sun. 2014. “Nano-mechanical behavior of a green ultra-high performance concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 63 (Jul): 150–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.029.
Zhu, P., X. Mao, W. Qu, Z. Li, and Z. J. Ma. 2016. “Investigation of using recycled powder from waste of clay bricks and cement solids in reactive powder concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 113 (Jun): 246–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.040.
Zhu, Z., B. Li, and M. Zhou. 2015. “The influences of iron ore tailings as fine aggregate on the strength of ultra-high performance concrete.” In Advances in materials science and engineering, 2015. London: Hindawi. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/412878.
Zou, Z. H., J. Wu, Z. Wang, and Z. Wang. 2016. “Relationship between half-cell potential and corrosion level of rebar in concrete.” Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol. 51 (8): 588–595. https://doi.org/10.1080/1478422X.2016.1167304.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33 • Issue 7 • July 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 6, 2020
Accepted: Oct 27, 2020
Published online: May 7, 2021
Published in print: Jul 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Oct 7, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Hussein M. Hamada, Jinyan Shi, Farid Abed, Mohammed S. Al Jawahery, Ali Majdi, Salim T. Yousif, Recycling solid waste to produce eco-friendly ultra-high performance concrete: A review of durability, microstructure and environment characteristics, Science of The Total Environment, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162804, 876, (162804), (2023).
- Soroush Mahjoubi, Rojyar Barhemat, Weina Meng, Yi Bao, AI-guided auto-discovery of low-carbon cost-effective ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106741, 189, (106741), (2023).
- Bin Xi, Salam Al-Obaidi, Liberato Ferrara, Effect of different environments on the self-healing performance of Ultra High-Performance Concrete – A systematic literature review, Construction and Building Materials, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130946, 374, (130946), (2023).
- Ingrid Lande, Rein Terje Thorstensen, Comprehensive sustainability strategy for the emerging ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) industry, Cleaner Materials, 10.1016/j.clema.2023.100183, 8, (100183), (2023).
- Zhe Lu, Zhen-gang Feng, Dongdong Yao, Yingyong Li, Jun Xu, Xinjun Li, Establishment of Drying Shrinkage Deformation Model and Ingredient Correlation Analysis of Ultra-high Performance Concrete, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 10.1007/s13369-023-07712-0, (2023).
- Raju Sharma, Jeong Gook Jang, Prem Pal Bansal, A comprehensive review on effects of mineral admixtures and fibers on engineering properties of ultra-high-performance concrete, Journal of Building Engineering, 10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103314, 45, (103314), (2022).
- Yiming Liu, Qinghua Zhang, Yizhi Bu, Yi Bao, Static and fatigue performance of steel bridge decks strengthened with air-cured UHPC, Structures, 10.1016/j.istruc.2022.05.025, 41, (203-214), (2022).
- Ahmed M. Tahwia, Gamal M. Elgendy, Mohamed Amin, Mechanical properties of affordable and sustainable ultra-high-performance concrete, Case Studies in Construction Materials, 10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01069, 16, (e01069), (2022).
- Mugahed Amran, Shan-Shan Huang, Ali M. Onaizi, Natt Makul, Hakim S. Abdelgader, Togay Ozbakkaloglu, Recent trends in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC): Current status, challenges, and future prospects, Construction and Building Materials, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129029, 352, (129029), (2022).
- Wing Lun Lam, Peiliang Shen, Yamei Cai, Yanjie Sun, Yangyang Zhang, Chi Sun Poon, Effects of seawater on UHPC: Macro and microstructure properties, Construction and Building Materials, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127767, 340, (127767), (2022).
- See more