Effect of Curing Age on the Microstructure and Hydration Behavior of Oil Well Cement Paste Cured at High Temperature
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33, Issue 3
Abstract
With the extensive increase in exploitation of shale gas/oil, the mechanical/physical properties of oil well cement paste (OWCP) are paid special attention to. The mechanical and physical properties of OWCP is believed to be closely related to its microstructure and hydration behaviors. Both microstructure and hydration behaviors of OWCP cured at high temperature evolve with curing age. Taking advantage of multiple techniques, this study devotes itself to investigating the impact of curing age on the evolution of microstructure and hydration behaviors of OWCP cured at 80°C. The results show that both the capillary pore space and porosity decreased with curing age, while the gel porosity and specific surface area increased with curing age; Ca/Si ratio of calcium silicate hydrate (C─ S─ H) decreased fast during the first 3-day curing age, and then it is maintained around 1.82 in the following curing age; both evolutions of degree of hydration and chemical shrinkage with curing age obey the Avrami-type exponential equation; and the porosity of OWCP measured through mercury intrusion porosimetry correlates linearly with gel/space ratio as does the relationship between the degree of hydration and total amount of portlaindite determined by thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and both linear relationships are independent of curing temperature.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) project (Grant No. 51708404) and the Petrochina Science and Technology Major Project (Grant Nos. 2019D-5008-06 and 2019A-3910). The authors render their sincere thanks to the anonymous reviewers for their dedicated efforts to improve the quality of this paper.
References
Agofack, N., S. Ghabezloo, J. Sulem, A. Garnier, and C. Urbanczyk. 2019. “Experimental investigation of the early-age mechanical behaviour of oil-well cement paste.” Cem. Concr. Res. 117 (Mar): 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.01.001.
Aligizaki, K. K. 2005. Pore structure of cement-based materials: Testing, interpretation and requirements. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Anjos, M. A., A. E. Martinelli, D. M. Melo, T. Renovato, P. D. Souza, and J. C. Freitas. 2013. “Hydration of oil well cement containing sugarcane biomass waste as a function of curing temperature and pressure.” J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 109 (Sep): 291–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2013.08.016.
API (American Petroleum Institute). 2010. Specification for cements and materials for well cementing. 23rd ed. Washington, DC: API.
Avrami, M. 1940. “Kinetics of phase change. ii transformation-time relations for random distribution of nuclei.” J. Chem. Phys. 8 (2): 212–224. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1750631.
Backe, K., O. Lile, S. Lyomov, H. Elvebakk, and P. Skalle. 1997. “Characterising curing cement slurries by permeability, tensile strength and shrinkage.” In Proc., SPE Western Regional Meeting. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers.
Bahafid, S. 2017. “A multi-technique investigation of the effect of hydration temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cement paste.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Mechanics of materials, Univ. of Paris Est.
Bahafid, S., S. Ghabezloo, M. Duc, P. Faure, and J. Sulem. 2017. “Effect of the hydration temperature on the microstructure of class g cement: CSH composition and density.” Cem. Concr. Res. 95 (May): 270–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.02.008.
Baumgarte, C., M. Thiercelin, and D. Klaus. 1999. “Case studies of expanding cement to prevent microannular formation.” In Proc., SPE Annual Technical Conf. and Exhibition. Richardson, TX: Society of Petroleum Engineers.
Bentur, A., R. L. Berger, J. H. Kung, N. Milestone, and J. Young. 1979. “Structural properties of calcium silicate pastes. II: Effect of curing temperature.” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 62 (7–8): 362–366. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1979.tb19079.x.
Bentz, D. P. 1997. “Three-dimensional computer simulation of portland cement hydration and microstructure development.” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 80 (1): 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb02785.x.
Bish, D. L., and J. E. Post. 1993. “Quantitative mineralogical analysis using the rietveld full-pattern fitting method.” Am. Mineral. 78: 932–940.
Bullard, J. W. 2008. “A determination of hydration mechanisms for tricalcium silicate using a kinetic cellular automaton model.” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 91 (7): 2088–2097. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02419.x.
Choolaei, M., A. M. Rashidi, M. Ardjmand, A. Yadegari, and H. Soltanian. 2012. “The effect of nanosilica on the physical properties of oil well cement.” Mater. Sci. Eng., A 538 (Mar): 288–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.01.045.
Costoya Fernández, M. M. 2008. Effect of particle size on the hydration kinetics and microstructural development of tricalcium silicate. Lausanne, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne.
Escalante-Garcia, J. I., and J. H. Sharp. 1998. “Effect of temperature on the hydration of the main clinker phases in portland cements. Part I: Neat cements.” Cem. Concr. Res. 28 (9): 1245–1257. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00115-X.
Escalante-Garcia, J. I., and J. H. Sharp. 1999. “Variation in the composition of c-s-h gel in portland cement pastes cured at various temperatures.” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 82 (11): 3237–3241. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02230.x.
Geiker, M. 2015. “Characterisation of development of cement hydration using chemical shrinkage.” In A practical guide to microstructural analysis of cementitious materials, 75–106. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Griffin, A., J. J. Kim, M. K. Rahman, and M. M. Reda Taha. 2014. “Microstructure of a type G oil well cement-nanosilica blend.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 27 (5): 04014166. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001124.
Hoshino, S., K. Yamada, and H. Hirao. 2006. “Xrd/rietveld analysis of the hydration and strength development of slag and limestone blended cement.” J. Adv. Concr. Technol. 4 (3): 357–367. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.4.357.
Irico, S., D. Gastaldi, F. Canonico, and G. Magnacca. 2013. “Investigation of the microstructural evolution of calcium sulfoaluminate cements by thermoporometry.” Cem. Concr. Res. 53 (Nov): 239–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.06.012.
Jennings, H. M. 2000. “A model for the microstructure of calcium silicate hydrate in cement paste.” Cem. Concr. Res. 30 (1): 101–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00209-4.
Jennings, H. M., B. J. Dalgleish, and P. Pratt. 1981. “Morphological development of hydrating tricalcium silicate as examined by electron microscopy techniques.” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 64 (10): 567–572. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1981.tb10219.x.
Kjellsen, K. O., and R. J. Detwiler. 1992. “Reaction kinetics of Portland cement mortars hydrated at different temperatures.” Cem. Concr. Res. 22 (1): 112–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(92)90141-H.
Krakowiak, K. J., J. J. Thomas, S. Musso, S. James, A.-T. Akono, and F.-J. Ulm. 2015. “Nano-chemo-mechanical signature of conventional oil-well cement systems: Effects of elevated temperature and curing time.” Cem. Concr. Res. 67 (Jan): 103–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.08.008.
Lam, L., Y. Wong, and C. Poon. 2000. “Degree of hydration and gel/space ratio of high-volume fly ash/cement systems.” Cem. Concr. Res. 30 (5): 747–756. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00213-1.
Le Saoût, G., E. Lécolier, A. Rivereau, and H. Zanni. 2006. “Chemical structure of cement aged at normal and elevated temperatures and pressures. Part II: Low permeability class G oilwell cement.” Cem. Concr. Res. 36 (3): 428–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.11.005.
Liu, K., X. Cheng, X. Zhang, Z. Li, J. Zhuang, and X. Guo. 2018. “Relationship between the microstructure/pore structure of oil-well cement and hydrostatic pressure.” Transp. Porous Media 124 (2): 463–478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-018-1078-2.
Lothenbach, B., and A. Nonat. 2015. “Calcium silicate hydrates: Solid and liquid phase composition.” Cem. Concr. Res. 78 (Dec): 57–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.03.019.
Lothenbach, B., F. Winnefeld, C. Alder, E. Wieland, and P. Lunk. 2007. “Effect of temperature on the pore solution, microstructure and hydration products of portland cement pastes.” Cem. Concr. Res. 37 (4): 483–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.11.016.
Lu, S., X. Wang, Z. Meng, Q. Deng, F. Peng, C. Yu, X. Hu, Y. Zhao, Y. Ke, and F. Qi. 2019. “The mechanical properties, microstructures and mechanism of carbon nanotube-reinforced oil well cement-based nanocomposites.” RSC Adv. 9 (46): 26691–26702. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA04723A.
Maruyama, I., and G. Igarashi. 2014. “Cement reaction and resultant physical properties of cement paste.” J. Adv. Concr. Technol. 12 (6): 200–213. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.12.200.
Mehta, P., and P. Monteiro. 2006. Concrete: Microstructure, properties, and materials. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Morandeau, A., M. Thiery, and P. Dangla. 2014. “Investigation of the carbonation mechanism of CH and CSH in terms of kinetics, microstructure changes and moisture properties.” Cem. Concr. Res. 56 (Feb): 153–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.11.015.
Mounanga, P., V. Baroghel-Bouny, A. Loukili, and A. Khelidj. 2006. “Autogenous deformations of cement pastes. Part I: Temperature effects at early age and micro–macro correlations.” Cem. Concr. Res. 36 (1): 110–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.10.019.
Mounanga, P., A. Khelidj, A. Loukili, and V. Baroghel-Bouny. 2004. “Predicting Ca(OH)2 content and chemical shrinkage of hydrating cement pastes using analytical approach.” Cem. Concr. Res. 34 (2): 255–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.07.006.
Nelson, D. E. B., and D. Guillot. 2006. Well cementing. 2nd ed. Sugar Land, TX: Schlumberger.
Niu, Z., J. Shen, L. Wang, and R. Yang. 2019. “Thermo-poroelastic modelling of cement sheath: Pore pressure response, thermal effect and thermo-osmotic effect.” Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng. 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2019.1675094.
Pang, X., D. P. Bentz, C. Meyer, G. P. Funkhouser, and R. Darbe. 2013. “A comparison study of portland cement hydration kinetics as measured by chemical shrinkage and isothermal calorimetry.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 39 (May): 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.03.007.
Powers, T. C. 1958. “Structure and physical properties of hardened portland cement paste.” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 41 (1): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1958.tb13494.x.
Riddick, J. A., W. B. Bunger, and T. K. Sakano. 1986. Organic solvents: Physical properties and methods of purification. 4th ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
Sant, G., P. Lura, and J. Weiss. 2006. “Measurement of volume change in cementitious materials at early ages: Review of testing protocols and interpretation of results.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1979 (1): 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198106197900104.
Scrivener, K., T. Füllmann, E. Gallucci, G. Walenta, and E. Bermejo. 2004. “Quantitative study of Portland cement hydration by X-ray diffraction/Rietveld analysis and independent methods.” Cem. Concr. Res. 34 (9): 1541–1547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.04.014.
Taylor, H. F. 1997. Cement chemistry. London: Thomas Telford.
Tazawa, E.-I., S. Miyazawa, and T. Kasai. 1995. “Chemical shrinkage and autogenous shrinkage of hydrating cement paste.” Cem. Concr. Res. 25 (2): 288–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(95)00011-9.
Vespa, M., E. Wieland, R. Dähn, and B. Lothenbach. 2015. “Identification of the thermodynamically stable Fe-containing phase in aged cement pastes.” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 98 (7): 2286–2294. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.13542.
Washburn, E. W. 1921. “Note on a method of determining the distribution of pore sizes in a porous material.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 7 (4): 115. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.7.4.115.
Yang, R., E. Lemarchand, and T. Fenchong. 2016a. “A micromechanics model for solute diffusion coefficient in unsaturated granular materials.” Transp. Porous Media 111 (2): 347–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-015-0597-3.
Yang, R., K. Li, L. Wang, M. Bornert, Z. Zhang, and T. Hu. 2016b. “A micro-experimental insight into the mechanical behavior of sticky rice slurry-lime mortar subject to wetting-drying cycles.” J. Mater. Sci. 51 (18): 8422–8433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0099-x.
Yang, R., Z. Zhang, M. Xie, and K. Li. 2016c. “Microstructural insights into the lime mortars mixed with sticky rice sol–gel or water: A comparative study.” Constr. Build. Mater. 125 (Oct): 974–980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.119.
Zeng, Q., K. Li, T. Fen-Chong, and P. Dangla. 2012. “Pore structure characterization of cement pastes blended with high-volume fly-ash.” Cem. Concr. Res. 42 (1): 194–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.09.012.
Zhang, J., and G. W. Scherer. 2011. “Comparison of methods for arresting hydration of cement.” Cem. Concr. Res. 41 (10): 1024–1036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.06.003.
Zhang, J., E. A. Weissinger, S. Peethamparan, and G. W. Scherer. 2010. “Early hydration and setting of oil well cement.” Cem. Concr. Res. 40 (7): 1023–1033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.03.014.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 14, 2020
Accepted: Aug 12, 2020
Published online: Jan 5, 2021
Published in print: Mar 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Jun 5, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.