Investigating the Effect of Degree of Blending on Performance of High RAP Content Mixtures
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33, Issue 4
Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of degree of blending on the rutting and fatigue performance of 100% reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content mixtures. Recycled asphalt binders were extracted from the mixtures using a stage-extraction technique and evaluated. Five commercially available rejuvenators were evaluated based on a homogeneity index and the aging rate to select the best (RA1) and the worst (RA2) performing rejuvenator, respectively. Five mixtures were designed and tested at three aging levels to evaluate the selected rejuvenators. Mixtures were tested using the loaded wheel tester (LWT) and the Florida indirect tensile test (IDT) for high- and intermediate-temperature performance characterization, respectively. The LWT showed that the short-term aged recycled mix exhibited a better rutting resistance and less moisture susceptibility than the virgin mix when its high-temperature performance grade (HTPG) was 6°C higher than the virgin mix. However, the level of diffusion, as measured by the homogeneity index (), did not seem to be a determining factor in moisture susceptibility or rutting depth. Also, the applied aging levels did not seem to affect the rut depths for RAP mixtures at lower rejuvenator dosage levels (RAP + 7.9% RA1 and ). IDT results showed that the virgin and 100% RAP mixtures exhibited average energy ratio (ER) values higher than the critical value of 1, indicating satisfactory crack initiation resistance behavior. Mixture R1 (100% RAP mixtures recycled with a low dose of RA1), with the highest , exhibited the best cracking performance compared to the virgin mixture. It is recommended that cracking and rutting performance be plotted against the HTPG to determine the target HTPG of the recycled mix. The target HTPG of the recycled mix can then be obtained by adjusting the rejuvenator amount. In this research, the target HTPG of the recycled mix was 75°C or higher. It should be noted that this type of analysis is mix- and rejuvenator-specific and should be conducted during the mix design until a sufficient degree of confidence and familiarity with the rejuvenator is reached.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by Florida DOT. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the department. The contributions to this project of the staff at the asphalt laboratory and the Engineering Material Characterization and Research Facility (EMCRF) at LTRC are acknowledged. The authors express appreciation to General Asphalt and rejuvenator suppliers for material supplies. The authors acknowledge the following contributions to this paper: study conception and design by Hesham A. Ali, Louay Mohammad, Greg Sholar, Mojtaba Mohammadafzali, and Howard Moseley; data collection by Farshad Haddadi and Moses Akentuna; analysis and interpretation of results by Hesham A. Ali, Louay Mohammad, Greg Sholar, Howard Moseley, Wayne Rilko, and Cassady Allen; and draft manuscript preparation by Hesham A. Ali, Louay Mohammad, and Moses Akentuna. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33 • Issue 4 • April 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 18, 2020
Accepted: Aug 11, 2020
Published online: Jan 30, 2021
Published in print: Apr 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Jun 30, 2021
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