Glass Fiber–Reinforced Sprayed Concrete: Physical, Mechanical, and Durability Properties
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33, Issue 1
Abstract
The physical, mechanical, and durability properties of glass fiber–reinforced concrete (GFRC) incorporating fly ash, slag, and acrylic polymer with different fiber contents were studied. The use of pozzolanic materials and polymer modified the fresh and physical properties by improving the workability and reducing the water absorption and density of the GFRC mixes. The flexural strength of mixes incorporating fly ash and slag improved with increasing fiber content. The inclusion of acrylic polymer improved the deformation capability of all mixes. Analysis of the fracture surface of the GFRC samples showed the dependence of toughness with the amount of fiber pullout. Wet–dry cycles and exposure to high temperature resulted in significant reductions in mechanical properties in terms of flexural strength and toughness. The normalized toughness values of mixes exposed to 800°C and wet–dry cycles are found to be correlated with each other. Therefore, exposure to high temperature might provide rapid results in predicting long-term GFRC degradation and might be an alternative to wet–dry cycles.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the research fund of Yildiz Technical University (Project No. FYL-2018-3415). The authors would like to thank 3H Precast Company for its help in the manufacture of the GFRC mixes.
References
ASTM. 2012. Standard test method for flexural performance of fiber-reinforced concrete (using beam with third-point loading). ASTM C1609. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Bartos, P. J. M. 2017. Glassfibre reinforced concrete: Principles, production, properties and applications. Scotland, UK: Whittles Publishing.
Bentur, A., and S. Mindess. 2006. Fibre reinforced cementitious composites. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Butler, M., V. Mechtcherine, and S. Hempel. 2009. “Experimental investigations on the durability of fibre–matrix interfaces in textile-reinforced concrete.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 31 (4): 221–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.02.005.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 1998a. Test method for glass-fibre reinforced cement. Part 1: Measuring the consistency of the matrix, ‘Slump test’ method EN 1170-1. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 1998b. Test method for glass-fibre reinforced cement. Part 5: Measuring bending strength, ‘Complete bending test’ method EN 1170-5. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 1998c. Test method for glass-fibre reinforced cement. Part 6: Determination of the absorption of water by immersion and determination of the dry density EN 1170-6. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 1998d. Test method for glass-fibre reinforced cement. Part 7: Measurement of extremes of dimensional variations due to moisture content EN 1170-7. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2008. Test method for glass-fibre reinforced cement. Part 8: Cyclic weathering type test EN 1170-8. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
Cheng, C., J. He, J. Zhang, and Y. Yang. 2019. “Study on the time-dependent mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced cement (GRC) with fly ash or slag.” Constr. Build. Mater. 217 (Aug): 128–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.063.
Chindaprasirt, P., and S. Rukzon. 2009. “Pore structure changes of blended cement pastes containing fly ash, rice husk ash, and palm oil fuel ash caused by carbonation.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 21 (11): 666–671. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2009)21:11(666).
Eiras, J. N., T. Kundu, M. Bonilla, and J. Payá. 2013. “Nondestructive monitoring of ageing of alkali resistant glass fiber reinforced cement (GRC).” J. Nondestr. Eval. 32 (3): 300–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-013-0183-y.
Enfedaque, A., D. Cendón, F. Gálvez, and V. Sánchez-Gálvez. 2010. “Analysis of glass fiber reinforced cement (GRC) fracture surfaces.” Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (7): 1302–1308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.12.005.
Enfedaque, A., L. S. Paradela, and V. Sánchez-Gálvez. 2012. “An alternative methodology to predict aging effects on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced cements (GRC).” Constr. Build. Mater. 27 (1): 425–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.07.025.
Enfedaque Díaz, A., L. Sánchez Paradela, and V. Sánchez-Gálvez. 2010. “El efecto del humo de sílice y el metacaolín en el proceso de envejecimiento de los morteros de cemento reforzados con fibras de vidrio (GRC).” Materiales de Construcción 60 (300): 67–82. https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2010.52009.
Ferreira, J. G., and F. A. Branco. 2007. “Structural application of GRC in telecommunication towers.” Constr. Build. Mater. 21 (1): 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.08.003.
Genovés, V., J. Gosálbez, R. Miralles, M. Bonilla, and J. Payá. 2015. “Ultrasonic characterization of GRC with high percentage of fly ash substitution.” Ultrasonics 60 (Jul): 88–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2015.02.016.
Kizilkanat, A. B., N. Yüzer, and N. Kabay. 2013. “Thermo-physical properties of concrete exposed to high temperature.” Constr. Build. Mater. 45 (Aug): 157–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.080.
Kupwade-Patil, K., C. De Wolf, S. Chin, J. Ochsendorf, A. E. Hajiah, A. Al-Mumin, and O. Büyüköztürk. 2018. “Impact of embodied energy on materials/buildings with partial replacement of ordinary portland cement (OPC) by natural pozzolanic volcanic ash.” J. Cleaner Prod. 177 (Mar): 547–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.234.
Litherland, K. L., D. R. Oakley, and B. A. Proctor. 1981. “The use of accelerated ageing procedures to predict the long term strength of GRC composites.” Cem. Concr. Res. 11 (3): 455–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(81)90117-4.
Ma, Q., R. Guo, Z. Zhao, Z. Lin, and K. He. 2015. “Mechanical properties of concrete at high temperature—A review.” Constr. Build. Mater. 93 (Sep): 371–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.131.
Madhkhan, M., and R. Katirai. 2019. “Effect of pozzolanic materials on mechanical properties and aging of glass fiber reinforced concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 225 (Nov): 146–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.128.
Mehta, P. K., and P. J. M. Monteiro. 2006. Concrete microstructure, properties and materials. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Moceikis, R., A. Kicaite, G. Skripkiunas, and A. Korjakins. 2018. “Ageing models and accelerated ageing tests of glass fiber reinforced concrete.” Eng. Struct. Technol. 10 (1): 10–17. https://doi.org/10.3846/est.2018.1467.
Orlowsky, J., M. Raupach, H. Cuypers, and J. Wastiels. 2005. “Durability modelling of glass fibre reinforcement in cementitious environment.” Mater. Struct. 38 (2): 155–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02479340.
Payá, J., M. Bonilla, M. V. Borrachero, J. Monzó, E. Peris-Mora, and L. F. Lalinde. 2007. “Reusing fly ash in glass fibre reinforced cement: A new generation of high-quality GRC composites.” Waste Manage. (Oxford) 27 (10): 1416–1421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.03.014.
Peled, A., J. Jones, and S. P. Shah. 2005. “Effect of matrix modification on durability of glass fiber reinforced cement composites.” Mater. Struct. 38 (2): 163–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02479341.
Purnell, P., N. R. Short, C. L. Page, and A. J. Majumdar. 2000. “Microstructural observations in new matrix glass fibre reinforced cement.” Cem. Concr. Res. 30 (11): 1747–1753. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00407-5.
Purnell, P., N. R. Short, C. L. Page, A. J. Majumdar, and P. L. Walton. 1999. “Accelerated ageing characteristics of glass-fibre reinforced cement made with new cementitious matrices.” Composites, Part A 30 (9): 1073–1080. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(99)00019-6.
Sujivorakul, C., C. Jaturapitakkul, and A. Taotip. 2011. “Utilization of fly ash, rice husk ash, and palm oil fuel ash in glass fiber–reinforced concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 23 (9): 1281–1288. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000299.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33 • Issue 1 • January 2021
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 18, 2019
Accepted: Jun 16, 2020
Published online: Oct 18, 2020
Published in print: Jan 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Mar 18, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.