Mechanical and Electrothermal Properties of Conductive Ethylene–Propylene–Diene Monomer Rubber Composite for Active Deicing and Snow Melting
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 32, Issue 8
Abstract
This study aims to develop a new type of road active deicing material that can efficiently and quickly remove ice/snow while meeting the mechanical properties requirements. A conductive ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) rubber composite material with active deicing and snow melting is put forward. The composite material consisted of three layers: (1) a heat transfer layer prepared by adding graphite into EPDM rubber, (2) carbon fiber cloth sandwiched in EPDM rubber as a heat generating layer, and (3) an insulation layer composed of aluminum silicate fiber cloth and EPDM rubber. The three layers were vulcanized into one at high temperature and pressure. Tests for mechanical and electrothermal properties were carried out. The results show that graphite can improve the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of EPDM rubber. The resistance of the composite material is low and stable. A large amount of heat can be generated in a short time at a low voltage. It is proven that the conductive EPDM rubber composite can be used as an active deicing material for roads.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Key R & D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFB1600200) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51578263).
References
Bai, B. C., D.-W. Park, H. V. Vo, S. Dessouky, and J. S. Im. 2015. “Thermal properties of asphalt mixtures modified with conductive fillers.” J. Nanomater. 2015 (4): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/926809.
Chen, F., X. Su, Q. Ye, and J. Fu. 2018. “Experimental investigation of concrete runway snow melting utilizing heat pipe technology.” Sci. World J. 2018: 1. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4343167.
Chen, H., V. V. Ginzburg, J. Yang, Y. Yang, W. Liu, Y. Huang, L. Du, and B. Chen. 2016. “Thermal conductivity of polymer-based composites: Fundamentals and applications.” Prog. Polym. Sci. 59 (Aug): 41–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.03.001.
Chinese Standard. 2008. Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic-determination of tear strength (trouser, angle and crescent test pieces): General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of 2008 China. GB 529. Beijing: Chinese Standard.
Chinese Standard. 2009a. Rubber-determination of thermal conductivity by means of hot-wire method. General administration of quality supervision: Inspection and quarantine of the People’s Republic of 2009 China. GB 11205. Beijing: Chinese Standard.
Chinese Standard. 2009b. Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic—Determination of tensile stress-strain properties. General administration of quality supervision: Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of 2009 China. GB 528. Beijing: Chinese Standard.
Farhadi, S., M. Farzaneh, and S. A. Kulinich. 2011. “Anti-icing performance of superhydrophobic surfaces.” Appl. Surf. Sci. 257 (14): 6264–6269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.02.057.
French, H., S. Van der Zee, and A. Leijnse. 2001. “Transport and degradation of propyleneglycol and potassium acetate in the unsaturated zone.” J. Contam. Hydrol. 49 (1–2): 23–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(00)00187-X.
Gao, J., H. Guo, X. Wang, P. Wang, Y. Wei, Z. Wang, Y. Huang, and B. Yang. 2019. “Microwave deicing for asphalt mixture containing steel wool fibers.” J. Cleaner Prod. 206 (Jan): 1110–1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.223.
Gao, J., A. Sha, Z. Wang, Z. Tong, and Z. Liu. 2017. “Utilization of steel slag as aggregate in asphalt mixtures for microwave deicing.” J. Cleaner Prod. 152 (May): 429–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.113.
Garcés, P., E. Zornoza, E. G. Alcocel, Ó. Galao, and L. G. Andión. 2012. “Mechanical properties and corrosion of CAC mortars with carbon fibers.” Constr. Build. Mater. 34 (Sep): 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.020.
Hopkins, G. R., S. S. French, and E. D. Brodie, Jr. 2013. “Increased frequency and severity of developmental deformities in rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa) embryos exposed to road deicing salts (NaCl and MgCl2).” Environ. Pollut. 173: 264–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.10.002.
Huang, Y., B. Xiang, X. Ming, X. Fu, and Y. Ge. 2008. “Conductive mechanism research based on pressure-sensitive conductive composite material for flexible tactile sensing.” In Proc., Int. Conf. on Information and Automation, 1614–1619. New York: IEEE.
Kong, G., D. Wu, H. Liu, L. Laloui, X. Cheng, and X. Zhu. 2018. “Performance of a geothermal energy deicing system for bridge deck using a pile heat exchanger.” Int. J. Energy Res. 43 (1): 596–603. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.4266.
Lim, C., K. Park, J. Lee, and B. Lee. 2016. “Fundamental study for development of an anti-icing pavement system using carbon-fiber sheet.” Int. J. Highway Eng. 18 (3): 59–65. https://doi.org/10.7855/IJHE.2016.18.3.059.
Liu, Q., E. Schlangen, Á. García, and M. van de Ven. 2010. “Induction heating of electrically conductive porous asphalt concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (7): 1207–1213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.12.019.
Marques, J. E., J. M. Marques, A. Carvalho, P. M. Carreira, R. Moura, and C. Mansilha. 2017. “Groundwater resources in a Mediterranean mountainous region: Environmental impact of road de-icing.” Sustainable Water Resour. Manage. 5 (1): 305–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-017-0170-z.
Menzies, T. R. 1992. “Overview of National Research Council study on the comparative costs of using rock salt and CMA for highway deicing.” Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 7 (1–3): 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-3449(92)90005-M.
Mirzanamadi, R., C. E. Hagentoft, P. Johansson, and J. Johnsson. 2018. “Anti-icing of road surfaces using Hydronic Heating Pavement with low temperature.” Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 145 (Jan): 106–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.10.006.
Mohammed, A. G., G. Ozgur, and E. Sevkat. 2019. “Electrical resistance heating for deicing and snow melting applications: Experimental study.” Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 160 (Apr): 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.02.004.
Mu, Q., and S. Feng. 2007. “Thermal conductivity of graphite/silicone rubber prepared by solution intercalation.” Thermochim. Acta 462 (1–2): 70–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2007.06.006.
Pan, P., S. Wu, Y. Xiao, and G. Liu. 2015. “A review on hydronic asphalt pavement for energy harvesting and snow melting.” Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 48 (Aug): 624–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.029.
Poursaee, A., A. Laurent, and C. M. Hansson. 2010. “Corrosion of steel bars in OPC mortar exposed to NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2: Macro- and micro-cell corrosion perspective.” Cem. Concr. Res. 40 (3): 426–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.09.029.
Yan, X., F. Li, T. Liu, Y. Zhang, X. Ma, and X. Wang. 2008. “Effects of deicing chemicals on ecological environment.” Chin. J. Ecol. 27 (12): 2209–2214.
Yang, J., X. Zhu, L. Li, H. Ling, P. Zhou, Z. Cheng, A. Su, and Y. Du. 2018. “Prefabricated flexible conductive composite overlay for active deicing and snow melting.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (11): 04018283. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002473.
Zhong, K., M. Sun, and R. Chang. 2018. “Performance evaluation of high-elastic/salt-storage asphalt mixture modified with Mafilon and rubber particles.” Constr. Build. Mater. 193 (Dec): 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.185.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 32 • Issue 8 • August 2020
Copyright
©2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 8, 2019
Accepted: Jan 9, 2020
Published online: May 21, 2020
Published in print: Aug 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Oct 21, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.