Employing Natural Bentonite Clay as Partial Replacement of Mineral Filler in Asphalt Mixtures
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30, Issue 8
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the performance of asphalt mixtures after natural bentonite clay partial replacement of mineral filler portion of aggregates. Different bentonite contents were used to replace the mineral filler by total weight of its portion of total aggregates, namely, 5, 10, 15, and 20%; additional bentonite contents were conducted for the stability test, namely, 25 and 30%. Marshall stability, flow, bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, and indirect tensile strength (ITS) tests were performed. Results showed that replacing mineral filler by natural bentonite clay in asphalt mixtures leads to the increase of density and stability, which increased to 11.57 kN for mixtures containing 15% bentonite (compared with 9.17 kN for the control specimen), with 23% loss when soaked with water for 24 h. Results indicate an increase in both flow and ITS values and reduction in hydraulic conductivity of the modified mixtures compared with control specimens.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the deanship of research and graduate studies at Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan for their financial support (Award No. 25/15/2015) and the technical support of the civil engineering labs and geology labs at the University of Jordan (Amman, Jordan), and the mechanical engineering labs at the University of Toronto.
References
ASTM. 1989. Test method for resistance of plastic flow of bituminous mixtures using Marshall apparatus. ASTM D1559. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 1999. Standard test method for ductility of bituminous materials. ASTM D113-99. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2006. Standard test method for permeability of granular soils. ASTM D2434-68. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2007. Standard test method for indirect tensile (IDT) strength of bituminous mixtures. ASTM D6931. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2009. Standard test method for density of semi-solid bituminous materials (pycnometer method). ASTM D70-09e1. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2011. Standard test method for bulk specific gravity and density of non-absorptive compacted bituminous mixtures. ASTM D2726-11. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2013. Standard test method for penetration of bituminous materials. ASTM D5. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2014. Standard test method for softening point of bitumen (ring-and-ball apparatus). ASTM D36/D36M-14e1. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2015a. Standard test method for density, relative density (specific gravity), and absorption of fine aggregates. ASTM C128. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2015b. Standard test method for relative density (specific gravity) and absorption of coarse aggregate. ASTM C127. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2016. Standard test method for flash and fire points by Cleveland open cup tester. ASTM D92-16b. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Button, J. W., and J. A. Epps. 1983. Evaluation of methods of mixing lime in asphalt pavement mixtures. College Station, TX: Texas Hot Asphalt Pavement Association.
Guo, M., A. Bhasin, and Y. Tan. 2017. “Effect of mineral fillers adsorption on rheological and chemical properties of asphalt binder.” Constr. Build. Mater. 141: 152–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.051.
Iskender, E. 2016. “Evaluation of mechanical properties of nano-clay modified asphalt.” Measurement 93 (Nov): 359–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2016.07.045.
Kamiya, S., S. Tasaka, X. Zhang, D. Dong, and N. Inagaki. 2001. “Compatibilizer role of styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer in asphalt.” Polym. J. 33 (3): 209–213. https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.33.209.
Kandhal, P. S., and R. B. Mallick. 1998. Open graded asphalt friction course: State of practice. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
Khoury, H. N. 2002. Clays and clay minerals in Jordan. Amman, Jordan: Univ. of Jordan.
Khoury, H. N., and A. S. Al-Zoubi. 2014. “Origin and characteristics of Cr-smectite from Suweileh area Jordan.” Appl. Clay Sci. 90: 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.01.004.
Lesueur, D., B. M. Lázaro, G. D. Andaluz, and R. A. Ruiz. 2017. “On the impact of the filler on the complex modulus of asphalt mixtures.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2017.1288653.
MPWH (Ministry of Public Works and Housing). 2010. Specifications of the ministry of public works and housing. Amman, Jordan: MPWH.
Ozen, H. 2011. “Rutting evaluation of hydrated lime and SBS modified asphalt mixtures for laboratory and field compacted samples.” Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (2): 756–765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.07.010.
Poppe, L., V. Paskevich, J. Hathaway, and D. Blackwood. 2001. A laboratory manual for X-ray powder diffraction. Reston, VA: USGS.
Rigden, P. J. 1947. “The use of fillers in bituminous road surfacings. A study of filler binder systems in relation to filler characteristics.” J. Soc. Chem. Ind. 66: 299–309.
Shafabakhsh, G. H., M. Taghipoor, M. Sadeghnejad, and S. A. Tahami. 2015. “Evaluating the effect of additives on improving asphalt mixtures fatigue behaviour.” Constr. Build. Mater. 90: 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.04.046.
Sun, L., X. Xin, and J. Ren. 2017. “Asphalt modification using nano-materials and polymers composite considering high and low temperature performance.” Constr. Build. Mater. 133: 358–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.073.
Tan, Y., and M. Guo. 2013. “Using surface free energy method to study the cohesion and adhesion of asphalt mastic.” Constr. Build. Mater. 47: 254–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.067.
Yang, J., and S. Tighe. 2013. “A review of advances of nanotechnology in asphalt mixtures.” Procedia-Soc. Behav. Sci. 96: 1269–1276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.144.
Zare-Shahabadi, A., A. Shokuhfar, and S. Ebrahimi-Nejad. 2010. “Preparation and rheological characterization of asphalt binders reinforced with layered silicate nanoparticles.” Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (7): 1239–1244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.12.013.
Zhang, H.-L., M.-M. Su, S.-F. Zhao, Y.-P. Zhang, and Z.-P. Zhang. 2016. “High and low temperature properties of nano-particles/polymer modified asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 114: 323–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.118.
Ziari, H., R. Babagoli, M. Ameri, and A. Akbari. 2014. “Evaluation of fatigue behavior of 207 hot mix asphalt mixtures prepared by bentonite modified 208 bitumen.” Constr. Build. Mater. 68: 685–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.06.066.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30 • Issue 8 • August 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 10, 2017
Accepted: Feb 9, 2018
Published online: May 26, 2018
Published in print: Aug 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Oct 26, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.