Mechanical Characterization of Concrete by Impact Acoustics Tests
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30, Issue 4
Abstract
The impact acoustic test is a fast and low-cost nondestructive alternative to evaluate the mechanical properties of concrete. However, the dynamic elastic modulus obtained in this test differs systematically from the static one. The aim of this paper is to study this relationship as well as to identify possible advantages and limitations of impact acoustics in comparison to compression tests until the age of 28 days. Seventeen concrete mixtures were prepared, obtaining compressive strengths ranging from 13 to 147 MPa. Acoustic and compression tests were performed at different ages (typically 3, 7, 14, and 28 days). The results obtained from impact acoustics showed lower dispersion [average coefficient of variation ], better representation of maturity over time (), and excellent correlation to compressive strength () and static elastic modulus (). This technique has the potential of application to evaluate the evolution of the mechanical properties of concrete over time in the prestress concrete industry.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge CNPq (Brazilian government agency for research) for providing scholarships for the students involved in this research.
References
ABNT (Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas). (2008). “Concrete: Determination of the elasticity modulus by compression.” NBR 8522, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (in Portuguese).
ABNT (Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas). (2009). “Aggregate for concrete: Specification.” NBR 7211, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (in Portuguese).
ABNT (Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas). (2014). “Design of structural concrete: Procedure.” NBR 6118, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (in Portuguese).
ABNT (Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas). (2015). “Molding and curing of concrete cylindrical or prismatic test.” NBR 5738, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (in Portuguese).
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2008). “Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary.” ACI 318-08, Farmington Hills, MI.
ASTM. (2014a). “Standard test method for static modulus of elasticity and Poisson ratio of concrete in compression.” ASTM C469/C469M-14, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2014b). “Standard test method for fundamental transverse, longitudinal, and torsional resonant frequencies of concrete specimens.” ASTM C215-14, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2015). “Standard test method for dynamic Young’s modulus, Shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio by impulse excitation of vibration.” ASTM E1876-15, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2016). “Standard specification for portland cement.” ASTM C150/C150M-16, West Conshohocken, PA.
BSI (British Standards Institution). (1985). “Structural use of concrete. II: Code of practice for special circumstances.” BS 8110, London.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). (2004). “Design of concrete structures. General rules and rules for buildings.” Eurocode 2, Brussels, Belgium.
Demir, F., and Korkmaz, K. A. (2008). “Prediction of lower and upper bounds of elastic modulus of high strength concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 22(7), 1385–1393.
fib (International Federation for Structural Concrete). (2010). “Bulletin 55: Model code for concrete structures 2010.” MC2010, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Gesoglu, M., Güneyisi, E., and Özturan, T. (2002). “Effects of end conditions on compressive strength and static elastic modulus of very high strength concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 32(10), 1545–1550.
Haach, V. G., Carrazedo, R., Olveira, L. M. F., and Corrêa, M. R. S. (2013). “Application of acoustic tests to mechanical characterization of masonry mortars.” NDT E Int., 59, 18–24.
Kliszczewicz, A., and Ajdukiewicz, A. (2002). “Differences in instantaneous deformability of HS/HPC according to the kind of coarse aggregate.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 24(2), 263–267.
Lydon, F. D., and Balendran, R. V. (1986). “Some observations on elastic properties of plain concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 16(3), 314–324.
Malhotra, V. M., and Sivasundaram, V. (2004). “Resonant frequency methods.” Handbook on nondestructive testing of concrete, V. M. Malhotra and N. J. Carino, eds., 2nd Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Mehta, P. K., and Monteiro, P. J. M. (2006). Concrete: Microstructure, properties and materials, 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 659.
Popovics, S. (1975). “Verification of relationships between mechanical properties of concrete-like materials.” Matériaux et Construction, 8(3), 183–191.
Sansalone, M., and Carino, N. J. (1986). “Impact-echo: A method for flaw detection in concrete using transient stress waves.”, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD.
Sonelastic [Computer software]. ATCP Engenharia Física, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Swamy, N., and Rigby, G. (1971). “Dynamic properties of hardened paste, mortar and concrete.” Matériaux et Construction, 4(1), 13–40.
Wang, H., and Li, Q. (2007). “Prediction of elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio for unsaturated concrete.” Int. J. Solids Struct., 44(5), 1370–1379.
Yazdi, J. S., Kalantary, F., and Yazdi, H. S. (2013). “Prediction of elastic modulus of concrete using support vector committee method.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 9–20.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30 • Issue 4 • April 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 6, 2017
Accepted: Oct 9, 2017
Published online: Feb 8, 2018
Published in print: Apr 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Jul 8, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.