Chloride Diffusion and Wicking in Concrete Exposed to NaCl and Solutions
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30, Issue 3
Abstract
Wicking occurs in concrete in practice when fluid absorption takes place at one surface of the element and drying at another surface. This paper examines chloride diffusion and wicking in concrete with varying water-to-cement ratios (w/c) and varying cement replacement levels by fly ash and slag. The influence of salt type (NaCl and ) on chloride transport is examined. The chloride binding capacity is similar for the cement paste with different w/c. The replacement of cement with fly ash and slag increases the bound chloride content. When compared to NaCl solutions, a greater bound chloride content is observed for cement paste exposed to solutions due to the formation of the additional phases, such as calcium oxychloride. Samples exposed to wicking had a greater chloride penetration depth than diffusion alone due to the contribution of advection to the chloride transport. The salt type significantly influences the chloride transport. The penetration depth was observed to be lower in concrete exposed to solution because the additional reaction products form in and block pores for chloride transport. When concrete with a higher w/c is exposed to solution during wicking, there is a larger reduction in the penetration depth compared to that in NaCl solution because the greater amount of results in the formation of reaction products that block more pores. The reduction in the penetration depth due to blocking by reaction products is less in concrete with fly ash and slag due to the lower content of .
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Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge Daming Luo, Qian Tian, Sheng Qiang for their help with the experimental work. The work described in this paper was conducted in the Pankow Laboratory and Sensing Laboratory at Purdue University.
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Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30 • Issue 3 • March 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 27, 2017
Accepted: Sep 7, 2017
Published online: Jan 9, 2018
Published in print: Mar 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Jun 9, 2018
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