Numerical Evaluation of Rutting in Rubberized Asphalt Mixture Using Finite Element Modeling Based on Experimental Viscoelastic Properties
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30, Issue 6
Abstract
Asphalt pavement rutting is one of the most commonly observed pavement distresses, and crumb rubber can decrease this distress. This paper uses the two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) finite-element method (FEM) to simulate wheel track testing to predict rut depth in rubberized and conventional asphalt mixes and links these behaviors to an accelerated performance testing tool. Dynamic creep tests are performed on different specimens to obtain material parameters of the creep power law that is then used to model the viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixtures. The Hamburg wheel rut tester (HWRT) is used for asphalt laboratory-accelerated rutting resistance testing and for calibration of material parameters developed in a dynamic creep test. Finite-element software is used to simulate HWRT and outputs of models are compared with the experimental observations. The results show that the difference between the predicted rut depth in 2D and 3D modeling and the measured rut depth in the laboratory is 13.5 and 11.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the rubberized asphalt mixture has 36% less rut depth than the conventional asphalt mixture.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
ABAQUS version 4.9 [Computer software]. Dassault Systèmes, Providence, RI.
Abbas, A., Masad, E., Papagiannakis, T., and Harman, T. (2007). “Micromechanical modeling of the viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixtures using the discrete-element method.” Int. J. Geomech., 131–139.
Abed, A. H., and Al-Azzawi, A. A. (2012). “Evaluation of rutting depth in flexible pavements by using finite element analysis and local empirical model.” Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 5(2), 163–169.
Al-Hadidy, A., and Tan, Y. Q. (2009). “Mechanistic analysis of ST and SBS-modified flexible pavements.” Constr. Build. Mater., 23(8), 2941–2950.
ANSYS [Computer software]. ANSYS, Inc., Canonsburg, PA.
BSI (British Standards Institution). (1996). “Sampling and examination of bituminous mixtures for roads and other paved areas—Part 110: Methods of test for the determination of wheel tracking rate.” BS 598: Part 110, London.
Fang, H., Haddock, J. E., White, T. D., and Hand, A. (2004). “On the characterization of flexible pavement rutting using creep model-based finite element analysis.” Finite Elem. Anal. Des., 41(1), 49–73.
Haghi, A. K., Arabani, M., Shakeri, M., Haj jafari, M., and Mobasher, B. (2005). “Strength modification of asphalt pavement using waste tires.” Proc., 7th Int. Fracture Conf., Univ. of Kocaeli, Kocaeli, Turkey.
Holanda, A. S. D., Parente, J. E., Arajujo, T. D. P. D., Melo, L. T. B. D., Evangelista, F., Jr., and Soares, J. B. (2006). “Finite element modeling of flexible pavements.” Proc., 27th CILAMCE-Iberian Latin American Congress on Computational Methods in Engineering, Belém-Pará, Brazil.
Holleran, G., and Van, K. J. (2000). “Asphalt rubber concrete leads to cost effective pavement rehabilitation reduced thickness.” Proc., Synopses for 1st Int. Conf. on World of Pavement, Sydney, Australia.
Hua, J. (2000). “Finite element modeling and analysis of accelerated pavement testing devices and rutting phenomenon.” Ph.D. dissertation, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN.
Huang, Y. H. (1993). Pavement analysis and design, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Imaninasab, R., Bakhshi, B., and Shirini, B. (2016). “Rutting performance of rubberized porous asphalt using finite element method (FEM).” Const. Build. Mater., 106, 382–391.
Khodaii, A., and Mehrara, A. (2009). “Evaluation of permanent deformation of unmodified and SBS modified asphalt mixtures using dynamic creep test.” Constr. Build. Mater., 23(7), 2586–2592.
Lai, J. S., and Anderson, D. (1973). “Irrecoverable and recoverable nonlinear viscoelastic properties of asphalt concrete.” Highway Res. Rec., 468, 73–88.
Lee, S. J., Akisetty, C. K., and Amirkhanian, S. N. (2008). “The effect of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) on the performance properties of rubberized binders in HMA pavements.” Constr. Build. Mater., 40(7), 1492–1504.
Leite, L., and Soares, B. (1999). “Interaction of asphalt with ground tire rubber.” Pet. Sci. Technol., 17(9–10), 1071–1088.
Liantong, M., Donglin, S., Xun, L., Huurman, M., and Shaopeng, W. (2012). “Experimental investigation of bituminous plug expansion joint materials containing high content of crumb rubber powder and granules.” Mater. Des., 37, 137–143.
Lu, Y., and Wright, P. (1998). “Numerical approach of visco-elasto plastic analysis for asphalt mixtures.” Comput. Struct., 69(2), 139–147.
Ma, T., Zhangb, D., Zhanga, Y., Wanga, S., and Huang, X. (2016). “Simulation of wheel tracking test for asphalt mixture using discrete element modeling.” Road Mater. Pavement Des., 19(2), 367–384.
Masad, E., Tashman, L., Little, D., and Zbib, H. (2005). “Viscoplastic modeling of asphalt mixes with the effects of anisotropy, damage and aggregate characteristics.” Mech. Mater., 37(12), 1242–1256.
Moghaddam, T. B., Soltani, M., Karim, M. R., Shamshirband, S., Petković, D., and Baaj, H. (2015). “Estimation of the rutting performance of polyethylene terephthalate modified asphalt mixtures by adaptive neuro-fuzzy methodology.” Constr. Build. Mater., 96, 550–555.
Moreno, F., Sol, M., Martín, J., Pérez, M., and Rubio, M. C. (2013). “The effect of crumb rubber modifier on the resistance of asphalt mixes to plastic deformation.” Mater. Des., 47, 274–280.
Perkins, W. S. (2001). “Numerical modeling of geosynthetic reinforced flexible pavements.”, Dept. of Transportation, Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT.
Perl, M., Uzan, J., and Sides, A. (1983). “Visco-elasto-plastic constitutive law for a bituminous mixture under repeated loading.” Transp. Res. Rec., 911, 20–27.
PFC3D version 4.0 [Computer software]. Itasca Consulting Group, Minneapolis.
Pirabarooban, S., Zaman, M., and Tarefder, R. A. (2003). “Evaluation of rutting potential in asphalt mixes using finite element modeling.” Annual Conf. and Exhibition of the Transportation Association of Canada, Transportation Association of Canada, Ottawa.
Putman, B. J., and Amirkhanian, S. N. (2006). “Crumb rubber modification of binders: Interaction and particle effects.” Proc., Asphalt Rubber Conf., Palm Springs, CA.
Shirini, B., and Imaninasab, R. (2016). “Performance evaluation of rubberized and SBS modified porous asphalt mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater., 107, 165–171.
Soohyok, I., Zhou, F., Robert, L., and Scullion, T. (2014). “Impacts of rejuvenators on performance and engineering properties of asphalt mixtures containing recycled materials.” Constr. Build. Mater., 53, 596–603.
Standards Australia. (1995). “Methods of sampling and testing asphalt—Determination of the permanent compressive strain characteristics of asphalt—Dynamic creep test.” AS 2891.12.1, Sydney, Australia.
TxDOT (Texas Department of Transportation). (2009). Test procedure for Hamburg wheel tracking test, TxDOT test procedure designation: Tex–242-F, Austin, TX.
Uzarowski, L., Maher, M., and Prilesky, H. (2006). “The use of simple performance tests in the development of rutting resistant criteria for asphalt mixes in Canada stage.” Proc., Annual Conf. and Exhibition of the Transportation Association of Canada, Prince Edward Island, Canada.
Walubita, L. F., Faruk, A. N. M., Zhang, J., Hu, X., and Lee, S. I. (2016). “The Hamburg rutting test—Effects of HMA sample sitting time and test temperature variation.” Constr. Build. Mater., 108, 22–28.
Wang, H., You, Z., Mills-Beale, J., and Hao, P. (2012). “Laboratory evaluation on high temperature viscosity and low temperature stiffness of asphalt binder with high percent scrap tire rubber.” Constr. Build. Mater., 26(1), 583–590.
White, T. D. (2002). “Contributions of pavement structural layers to rutting of hot mix asphalt pavements.”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
Xiao, F., Amirkhanian, S., and Juang, C. H. (2007). “Rutting resistance of rubberized asphalt concrete pavements containing reclaimed asphalt pavement mixtures.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 475–483.
Zaghloul, S. M., and White, T. D. (1993). “Use of a three-dimensional, dynamic finite element program for analysis of flexible pavement.” Transp. Res. Rec., 1388, 60–69.
Zhang, Y. (2012). “Anisotropic characterization of asphalt mixtures in compression.” Ph.D. dissertation, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX.
Zhanga, J., and Yang, J. (2013). “Advances in micromechanical constitutive theories and modeling in asphalt mixture: A review.” Procedia Social Behav. Sci., 96, 1304–1314.
Zhu, T., Ma, T., Huang, X., and Wang, S., (2016). “Evaluating the rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures using a simplified triaxial repeated load test.” Constr. Build. Mater., 116, 72–78.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30 • Issue 6 • June 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 30, 2016
Accepted: Jun 26, 2017
Published online: Mar 27, 2018
Published in print: Jun 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Aug 27, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.