Failure Localization and Correlation of High-Speed Tension and Impact Tests of Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 29, Issue 11
Abstract
Mechanical properties of strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC) subjected to impact and high-speed tensile loading were studied. The impact test setup was based on a free-fall drop weight on a three-point bending specimen. A servohydraulic high-speed tensile machine was used for tension tests. As the input impact energy increased from 6.7 to 67 J, absorbed energy increased from 0.7 to 3.6 J and remained constant at that level. Ultimate load and maximum deflection also increased with increasing input energy. Uniaxial tension tests on SHCC specimens were conducted at strain rates of 25, 50, and . Increases in tensile strength and strain capacity were observed with increasing strain rate. Digital image correlation (DIC) method was used to measure the full-field deformation in addition to the nature of the localized strain and shear lag region near transverse cracks. An analytical model was used to correlate the tensile and flexural impact responses and address the effect of localized failure on the overall sample response. The results indicate that the two test methods of impact and high-speed tension can be correlated by using a constitutive material model and that the correlation of the material properties under increasing strain rate with an increase in input impact energy can be addressed through cracking and size of the localization zone.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Adhikary, S. D., Li, B., and Fujikake, K. (2016). “State-of-the-art review on low-velocity impact response of reinforced concrete beams.” Mag. Concr. Res., 68(14), 701–723.
Baril, M. A., et al. (2016). “Effect of casting flow defects on the crack propagation in UHPFRC thin slabs by means of stereovision digital image correlation.” Constr. Build. Mater., 129, 182–192.
Boshoff, W. P., Mechtcherine, V., and van Zijl, G. P. (2009). “Characterising the time-dependent behaviour on the single fibre level of SHCC. II: The rate effects on fibre pull-out tests.” Cem. Concr. Res., 39(9), 787–797.
Bruck, H. A., McNeil, S. R., Sutton, M. A., and Peters, W. H. (1989). “Digital image correlation using Newton-Raphson method of partial differential correction.” Exp. Mech., 29(3), 261–267.
Brüdern, A. E., and Mechtcherine, V. (2010). “Multifunctional use of SAP in strain-hardening cement-based composites.” Proc., Int. RILEM Conf. on Use of Superabsorbent Polymers and Other New Additives in Concrete, RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., Paris, 11–22.
Caporale, A., Feo, L., and Luciano, R. (2014). “Damage mechanics of cement concrete modeled as a four-phase composite.” Compos. Part B Eng., 65(1), 124–130.
Curosu, I., Mechtcherine, V., and Millon, O. (2016). “Effect of fiber properties and matrix composition on the tensile behavior of strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCCs) subject to impact loading.” Cem. Concr. Res., 82(3), 23–35.
Das, S., Hendrix, A., Stone, D., and Neithalath, N. (2015). “Flexural fracture response of a novel iron carbonate matrix—Glass fiber composite and its comparison to portland cement-based composites.” Constr. Build. Mater., 93, 360–370.
Destrebecq, J. F., Toussaint, E., and Ferrier, E. (2011). “Analysis of cracks and deformations in a full scale reinforced concrete beam using a digital image correlation technique.” Exp. Mech., 51(6), 879–890.
Dey, V., Zani, G., Colombo, M., di Prisco, M., and Mobasher, B. (2015). “Flexural impact response of textile-reinforced aerated concrete sandwich panels.” Mater. Des., 86(14), 187–197.
di Prisco, M., Colombo, M., and Dozio, D. (2013). “Fibre-reinforced concrete in fib model code 2010: Principles, models and test validation.” Struct. Concr., 14(4), 342–361.
Esmaeeli, E., and Barros, J. A. (2015). “Flexural strengthening of RC beams using hybrid composite plate (HCP): Experimental and analytical study.” Compos. Part B Eng., 79(6–7), 604–620.
Gao, G., Huang, S., Xia, K., and Li, Z. (2015). “Application of digital image correlation (DIC) in dynamic notched semi-circular bend (NSCB) tests.” Exp. Mech., 55(1), 95–104.
Gesoglu, M., Güneyisi, E., Muhyaddin, G. F., and Asaad, D. S. (2016). “Strain hardening ultra-high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites: Effect of fiber type and concentration.” Compos. Part B Eng., 103, 74–83.
Hung, C. C., and Li, S. H. (2013). “Three-dimensional model for analysis of high performance fiber reinforced cement-based composites.” Compos. Part B Eng., 45(1), 1441–1447.
Kim, S. W., Park, W. S., Jang, Y. I., Feo, L., and Yun, H. D. (2015). “Crack damage mitigation and shear behavior of shear-dominant reinforced concrete beams repaired with strain-hardening cement-based composite.” Compos. Part B Eng., 79(12), 6–19.
Kim, S. W., and Yun, H. (2011). “Crack-damage mitigation and flexural behavior of flexure-dominant reinforced concrete beams repaired with strain-hardening cement-based composite.” Compos. Part B Eng., 42(4), 645–656.
Kim, Y. Y., Lee, B. Y., Bang, J. W., Han, B. C., Feo, L., and Cho, C. G. (2014). “Flexural performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with strain-hardening cementitious composite and high strength reinforcing steel bar.” Compos. Part B Eng., 56, 512–519.
Koerber, H., Xavier, J., and Camanho, P. P. (2010). “High strain rate characterisation of unidirectional carbon-epoxy IM7-8552 in transverse compression and in-plane shear using digital image correlation.” Mech. Mater., 42(11), 1004–1019.
Kozicki, J., and Tejchman, J. (2013). “Application of DIC technique to concrete—Study on objectivity of measured surface displacements.” Exp. Mech., 53(9), 1545–1559.
Land, P. L. (1979). “Strain rates for three- and four-point flexure tests.” J. Mater. Sci., 14(11), 2760–2761.
Li, V. C. (2003). “On engineered cementitious composites (ECC): A review of the material and its applications.” J. Adv. Concr. Technol., 1(3), 215–230.
Li, Z., Mu, B., and Chui, S. (2001). “Static and dynamic behavior of extruded sheets with short fibers.” J. Mater. Civil Eng., 248–254.
Lu, C., and Leung, C. K. (2016). “A new model for the cracking process and tensile ductility of strain hardening cementitious composites (SHCC).” Cem. Concr. Res., 79(3), 353–365.
Mechtcherine, V., Millon, O., Butler, M., and Thoma, K. (2011a). “Mechanical behaviour of strain hardening cement-based composites under impact loading.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 33(1), 1–11.
Mechtcherine, V., Silva, F. A., Butler, M., Zhu, D., Mobasher, B., Gao, S. L., and Mäder, E. (2011b). “Behaviour of strain-hardening cement-based composites under high strain rates.” J. Adv. Concr. Technol., 9(1), 51–62.
Mechtcherine, V., Silva, F. A., Müller, S., Jun, P., and Filho, R. D. T. (2012). “Coupled strain rate and temperature effects on the tensile behavior of strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC) with PVA fibers.” Cem. Concr. Res., 42(11), 1417–1427.
Pan, B., Qian, K., Xie, H., and Asundi, A. (2009). “Two-dimensional digital image correlation for in-plane displacement and strain measurement: A review.” Meas. Sci. Technol., 20(6), 062001.
Park, W. S., and Yun, H. D. (2011). “Seismic performance of pseudo strain-hardening cementitious composite coupling beams with different reinforcement details.” Compos. Part B Eng., 42(6), 1427–1445.
Paul, S. C., Pirskawetz, S., van Zijl, G. P. A. G., and Schmidt, W. (2015). “Acoustic emission for characterising the crack propagation in strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC).” Cem. Concr. Res., 69(12), 19–24.
Pyo, S., Wille, K., El-Tawil, S., and Naaman, A. E. (2015). “Strain rate dependent properties of ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHP-FRC) under tension.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 56, 15–24.
Şanal, İ., Özyurt, N., and Hosseini, A. (2016). “Characterization of hardened state behavior of self compacting fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (SC-FRCC’s) with different beam sizes and fiber types.” Compos. Part B Eng., 105, 30–45.
Secrieru, E., Mechtcherine, V., Schrofl, C., and Bonin, D. (2016). “Rheological characterisation and prediction of pumpability of strain hardening cement-based-composites (SHCC) with and without addition of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) at various temperatures.” Constr. Build. Mater., 112, 581–594.
Shah, S. G., and Chandra Kishen, J. M. (2011). “Fracture properties of concrete-concrete interfaces using digital image correlation.” Exp. Mech., 51(3), 303–313.
Silva, F. A., Zhu, D., and Mobasher, B. (2011). “Impact behavior of sisal fiber cement composites under flexural load.” ACI. Mater. J., 108(2), 168–177.
Soe, K. T., Zhang, Y. X., and Zhang, L. C. (2013). “Impact resistance of hybrid-fiber engineered cementitious composite panels.” Compos. Struct., 104, 320–330.
Soranakom, C. (2008). “Multi-scale modeling of fiber and fabric reinforced cement based composites.” Ph.D. dissertation, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ.
Soranakom, C., and Mobasher, B. (2008). “Correlation of tensile and flexural response of strain softening and strain hardening cement composites.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 30(6), 465–477.
Sutton, M. A., Wolters, W. J., Peters, W. H., Ranson, W. F., and McNeil, S. R. (1983). “Determination of displacements using an improved digital correlation method.” Image Vision Comput., 1(3), 133–139.
Vic-2D 2009 [Computer software]. Correlated Solutions, Inc., Irmo, SC.
Weil, N. A., and Daniel, I. M. (1964). “Analysis of fracture probabilities in nonuniformly stressed brittle materials.” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 47(6), 268–274.
Wille, K., Naaman, A. E., and Parra-Montesinos, G. J. (2011). “Ultra-high performance concrete with compressive strength exceeding 150 MPa (22 ksi): A simpler way.” ACI. Mater. J., 108(1), 46–54.
Wille, K., Xu, M., El-Tawil, S., and Naaman, A. E. (2016). “Dynamic impact factors of strain hardening UHP-FRC under direct tensile loading at low strain rates.” Mater. Struct., 49(4), 1351–1365.
Xu, M., and Wille, K. (2015). “Fracture energy of UHP-FRC under direct tensile loading applied at low strain rates.” Compos. Part B Eng., 80(9), 116–125.
Yang, E. H., and Li, V. C. (2014). “Strain-rate effects on the tensile behavior of strain-hardening cementitious composites.” Constr. Build. Mater., 52(6), 96–104.
Yao, Y. (2013). “Application of 2-D digital image correlation (DIC) method to damage characterization of cementitious composites under dynamic tensile loads.” M.S. thesis, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ.
Yao, Y., Silva, F. A., Butler, M., Mechtcherine, V., and Mobasher, B. (2015). “Tension stiffening in textile-reinforced concrete under high speed tensile loads.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 64(287), 49–61.
Yun, H. D. (2013). “Flexural behavior and crack-damage mitigation of plain concrete beam with a strain-hardening cement composite (SHCC) layer at tensile region.” Compos. Part B Eng., 45(1), 377–387.
Zhang, J., Wang, Z., and Ju, X. (2013). “Application of ductile fiber reinforced cementitious composite in jointless concrete pavements.” Compos. Part B Eng., 50, 224–231.
Zhu, D., Gencoglu, M., and Mobasher, B. (2009). “Low velocity flexural impact behavior of AR glass fabric reinforced cement composites.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 31(6), 379–387.
Zhu, D., Mobasher, B., and Rajan, S. (2011). “Dynamic tensile testing of Kevlar 49 fabrics.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 230–239.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 29 • Issue 11 • November 2017
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 23, 2016
Accepted: Apr 27, 2017
Published online: Aug 10, 2017
Published in print: Nov 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Jan 10, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.