Influence of Mineral Admixtures on the Electrochemical Realkalization of Carbonated Concrete
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 29, Issue 9
Abstract
This paper presents the results of research on the electrochemical realkalization (ER) of carbonated concrete with fly ash and slag. The results show that the realkalization depth in concrete increases with an increase in the fly ash content and slag content. The carbonation resistance of realkalized concrete is lower than that of unrealkalized concrete and decreases with an increase in the fly ash and slag content in the concrete. The influence of fly ash on carbonation resistance is similar to that of slag. The maximum shear stress between the carbonated concrete and rebar decreases with an increase in the mineral admixtures regardless of realkalization or unrealkalization, and the influence of the fly ash on the bond behavior is greater than that of the slag.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The work performed in this paper was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51279074).
References
Andrade, C., Castellote, M., Sarria, J., and Alonso, C. (1999). “Evolution of pore solution chemistry, electro-osmosis and rebar corrosion rate induced by realkalisation.” Mater. Struct., 32(6), 427–436.
AQSIQ (General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China). (2005). “Fly ash used for cement and concrete.” GB/T 1596-2005, Standards Press of China, Beijing.
AQSIQ (General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China). (2007). “Common Portland cements.” GB 175-2007, Standards Press of China, Beijing.
AQSIQ (General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China). (2008). “Ground granulated blast furnace slag used for cement and concrete.” GB/T 18046-2008, Standards Press of China, Beijing.
AQSIQ (General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China). (2009). “Standard for test methods of long-term performance and durability of ordinary concrete.” GB/T 50082-2009, Standards Press of China, Beijing.
Banfill, P. F. G. (1997). “Re-alkalisation of carbonated concrete: Effect on concrete properties.” Constr. Build. Mater., 11(4), 255–258.
Bastidas, D. M., Cobo, A., and Otero, E. (2013). “Electrochemical rehabilitation methods for reinforced concrete structures: Advantages and pitfalls.” Corros. Eng. Sci. Techn., 43(3), 248–255.
Bentur, A., Diamond, S., and Berke, N. (1997). Steel corrosion in concrete: Fundamentals and civil engineering practice, E & FN Spon, London.
Bertolini, L. (2008). “Steel corrosion and service life of reinforced concrete structures.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng., 4(2), 123–137.
Bertolini, L., Bolzoni, F., Elsener, B., Pedeferri, P., and Andrade, C. (1996). “Electrochemical realkalisation and chloride removal in reinforced concrete buildings.” Mater. Constr., 46(244), 45–55.
Bertolini, L., Carsana, M., Gastaldi, M., Lollini, F., and Redaelli, E. (2011). “Corrosion assessment and restoration strategies of reinforced concrete buildings of the cultural heritage.” Mater. Corros., 62(2), 146–154.
Bertolini, L., Redaelli, E., Lattanzi, D., and Mapelli, M. (2011). “Conservation techniques on the reinforced concrete pillars of the church of the San Carlo Borromeo hospital in Milan.” Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng., 14(4), 411–425.
Cao, C. N. (1985). Fundamentals of electrochemical corrosion, Chemical Industry Publications, Beijing (in Chinese).
Castellote, M., Llorente, I., and Andrade, C. (2003). “Influence of the external solution in the electro osmotic flux induced by realkalisation.” Mater. Constr., 53(271), 101–111.
Castellote, M., Llorente, I., Andrade, C., Turrillas, X., Alonso, C., and Campo, J. (2006). “In-situ monitoring the realkalisation process by neutron diffraction: Electroosmotic flux and portlandite formation.” Cem. Concr. Res., 36(5), 791–800.
Chatterji, S. (1994). “Simultaneous chloride removal and realkalisation of old concrete structures.” Cem. Concr. Res., 24(6), 1051–1054.
De Jonge, W. (1997). “Concrete repair and material authenticity: Electrochemical preservation techniques.” APT Bull., 28(4), 51–57.
Franzoni, E., Varum, H., and Natali, M. E. (2014). “Improvement of historic reinforced concrete/mortars by impregnation and electrochemical methods.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 49(5), 50–58.
Glass, G. K., and Buenfeld, N. R. (2000). “The inhibitive effects of electrochemical treatment applied to steel in concrete.” Corros. Sci., 42(6), 923–927.
González, F., Fajardo, G., and Arliguie, G. (2011). “Electrochemical realkalisation of carbonated concrete: An alternative approach to prevention of reinforcing steel corrosion.” Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 6, 6332–6349.
González, J. A., Cobo, A., and González, M. N. (2000). “On the effectiveness of realkalisation as a rehabilitation method for corroded reinforced concrete structures.” Mater. Corros., 51(2), 97–103.
Jaśniok, M., and Zybura, A. (2009). “Modelling of the carbonated concrete realkalization.” J. Civ. Eng. Manage., 15(2), 159–168.
Matsumoto, K. I., Ueda, T., and Ashida, M. (2003). “Study on realkalization with electrolyte containing lithium ion.” Int. J. Mod. Phys. B., 17(8n09), 1446–1451.
Mattila, J., and Pentti, M. (1996). The performance of different realkalisation methods, E & FN Spon, London.
Mietz, J. (1995). “Electrochemical realkalisation for rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures.” Mater. Corros., 46(9), 527–533.
Miranda, J. M., González, J. A., and Cobo, A. (2006). “Several questions about electrochemical rehabilitation methods for reinforced concrete structures.” Corros. Sci., 48(8), 2172–2188.
Odden, L. (1994). “The repassivating effect of electro-chemical realkalisation and chloride extraction.” Int. Conf. on Corrosion and Corrosion Protection of Steel in Concrete, Sheffield Academic Press, London, 1473–1488.
Polder, R. B., and Van den Hondel, H. J. (1992). “Electrochemical realkalisation and chloride removal of concrete: State of the art, laboratory and field experience.” Int. Conf. on Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures, RILEM (the International Union of Testing and Research Laboratories for Materials and Structures), Paris, 135–147.
Redaelli, E., and Bertolini, L. (2011). “Electrochemical repair techniques in carbonated concrete. Part I: Electrochemical realkalisation.” J. Appl. Electrochem., 41(7), 817–827.
Ribeiro, P. H. L. C., Meira, G. R., Ferreira, P. R. R., and Perazzo, N. (2013). “Electrochemical realkalisation of carbonated concretes—Influence of material characteristics and thickness of concrete reinforcement cover.” Constr. Build. Mater., 40(40), 280–290.
RILEM Technical Committee 124-SRC. (1994). “Draft recommendation for repair strategies for concrete structures damaged by reinforcement corrosion.” Mater. Struct., 27(7), 415–436.
Taylor, H. (1997). Cement chemistry, 2nd Ed., Thomas Telford, London.
Velivasakis, E. E., Henriksen, S. K., and Whitmore, D. (1998). “Chloride extraction and realkalization of reinforced concrete stop steel corrosion.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 77–84.
Yeih, W., and Chang, J. J. (2005). “A study on the efficiency of electrochemical realkalisation of carbonated concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 19(7), 516–524.
Zhang, J. X., Jiang, J., and Yan, L. C. (2013). “Electrochemical realkalisation and combined corrosion inhibition of deeply carbonated historic reinforced concrete.” Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol., 48(1), 28–35.
Zhang, X. (2005). “Research on realkalization technology of carbonation concrete structure.” M.E. thesis, Tongji Univ., Shanghai, China (in Chinese).
Zhu, Y. X. (2001). “A study on rebasification technique for carbonized concrete.” Port Waterway Eng., 329(6), 12–14. (in Chinese).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 1, 2016
Accepted: Feb 15, 2017
Published online: May 15, 2017
Published in print: Sep 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Oct 15, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.