Benefits of Short Kevlar Fiber Reinforcement at the Interface for Repair of Concrete-Like Materials
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 28, Issue 9
Abstract
Interfacial adhesive bonding of concrete-like materials is strengthened by short Kevlar fibers. The tough and flexible Kevlar fibers, bridging across grain structures, can effectively suppress premature surface and subsurface local fracture at the interface during the formation of fictitious crack. The adhesive joint, formed through either repairing of a gap using epoxy or structural reinforcement using carbon-fibers/epoxy composite, is changed into a composite adhesive joint because of use of Kevlar fibers at the interface. In this study, grey granite samples were tested under three-point-bending with two different interfacial repair conditions: (1) epoxy only, and (2) epoxy with short Kevlar fibers of 6 mm in length. Peak loads and RILEM fracture energy were measured from as-received granite samples, and the two different types of repaired samples. Improvements were observed in both the peak load and fracture energy. Formation of fictitious crack and its influence on the peak load were discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Yusuo Wang thanks the University of Western Australia for a Visiting Professorship at UWA from 2014–2015, and support from UWA workshop. Yusuo Wang also expresses his gratitude to the support of the Science and Technology plan projects in Sichuan province China (No. 2013GZ0047).
References
Banthia, N., and Dubeau, S. (1994). “Carbon and steel microfiber-reinforced cement-based composites for thin repairs.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 88–99.
Chen, D., Zhou, W., and Kun, L. (2013). “Fiber reinforced polymer patching binder for concrete pavement rehabilitation and repair.” Constr. Build. Mater., 48, 325–332.
Choi, I., and Lee, D. G. (2013). “Surface modification of carbon fiber/epoxy composites with randomly oriented aramid fiber felt for adhesion strength enhancement.” Comp. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf., 48, 1–8.
Duarte, P., Correia, J. R., Ferreira, J. G., Nunes, F., and Arruda, M. R. T. (2014). “Experimental and numerical study on the effect of repairing reinforced concrete cracked beams strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminates.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 41(3), 222–231.
Hillerborg, A. (1983). “Analysis of one single crack.” Fracture mechanics of concrete, F. H. Wittmann, ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 223–249.
Hillerborg, A., Modeer, M., and Petersson, P. (1976). “Analysis of crack formation and crack growth in concrete by means of fracture mechanics and finite elements.” Cem. Concr. Res., 6(6), 773–781.
Hu, X. Z., and Wittmann, F. H. (1992). “Fracture energy and fracture process zone.” Mater. Struct., 25(6), 319–326.
Issa, C. A., and Debs, P. (2007). “Experimental study of epoxy repairing of cracks in concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 21(1), 157–163.
Kamada, T., Iwanami, M., and Nagataki, S. (1998). “Acoustic emission discrimination of crack types in reinforced concrete beams.” Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures: Proc., FRAMCOS-3, AEDIFICATIO, Frieburg, Germany, 57–66.
Kanda, T., and Li, V. C. (1998). “Interface property and apparent strength of high strength hydrophilic fiber in cement matrix.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 5–13.
Li, V. C. (1992). “Postcrack scaling relations for fiber-reinforced cementitious composites.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 41–57.
Li, V. C., and Maalej, M. (1996). “Toughening in cement based composites. Part I: Cement, mortar, and concrete.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 18(4), 223–237.
Momayez, A., Ehsani, M. R., Ramezanianpour, A. A., and Rajaie, H. (2005). “Comparison of methods for evaluating bond strength between concrete substrate and repair materials.” Cem. Concr. Res., 35(4), 748–757.
Muralidhara, S., Raghu Prasad, B. K., Eskandari, H., and Karihaloo, B. L. (2010). “Fracture process zone size and true fracture energy of concrete using acoustic emission.” Constr. Build. Mater., 24(4), 479–486.
Nelson, P. K., Li, V. C., and Kamada, T. (2002). “Fracture toughness of microfiber reinforced cement composites.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 384–391.
Ohno, K., Uji, K., Ueno, A., and Ohtsu, M. (2014). “Fracture process zone in notched concrete beam under three-point bending by acoustic emission.” Constr. Build. Mater., 67, 139–145.
Qian, C. X., and Stroeven, P. (2000). “Development of hybrid polypropylene-steel fibre-reinforced concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 30(1), 63–69.
RILEM FMC. (1985). “Determination of fracture energy of mortar and concrete by means of three-point bend tests on notched beams.” Mater. Struct., 18(4), 287–290.
Sahmaran, M., Yücel, H. E., Yildirim, G., Al-Emam, M., and Lachemi, M. (2014). “Investigation of the bond between concrete substrate and ECC overlays.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 167–174.
Sen, R., Liby, L., and Mullins, G. (2001). “Strengthening steel bridge sections using CFRP laminates.” Comp. Part B, 32(4), 309–322.
Sezen, H. (2012). “Repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete beam-column joints with fiber-reinforced polymer composites.” J. Compos. Constr., 499–506.
Shi, S., Sun, Z., Hu, X. Z., and Chen, H. (2014a). “Carbon-fiber and aluminum-honeycomb sandwich composites with and without Kevlar-fiber interfacial toughening.” Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf., 67, 102–110.
Shi, S., Sun, Z., Hu, X. Z., and Chen, H. (2014b). “Flexural strength and energy absorption of carbon-fiber-aluminum-honeycomb composite sandwich reinforced by aluminum grid.” Thin Walled Struct., 84, 416–422.
Sovjak, R., Rasinova, J., and Maca, P. (2014). “Effective fracture energy of ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete under increased strain rates.” Acta Polytech., 54(5), 358–362.
Sun, Z., Hu, X. Z, Sun, S., and Chen, H. (2013). “Energy-absorption enhancement in carbon-fiber aluminium-foam structures from short aramid-fiber interfacial reinforcement.” Comp. Sci. Tech., 77, 14–21.
Sun, Z., Hu, X. Z., and Chen, H. (2014). “Effects of aramid-fibre toughening on interfacial fracture toughness of epoxy adhesive joint between carbon-fibre face sheet and aluminium substrate.” Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., 48, 288–294.
Sun, Z., Jeyaraman, J., Sun, S., Hu, X. Z., and Chen, H. (2012). “Carbon-fiber aluminum-foam sandwich with short aramid-fiber interfacial toughening.” Comp. Part A, 43(11), 2059–2064.
Wang, X. G., Zhang, W. P, Cui, W., and Wittmann, F. H. (2011). “Bond strength of corroded steel bars in reinforced concrete structural elements strengthened with CFRP sheets.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 33(4), 513–519.
Wu, Z. M., Yang, S. T., Hu, X. Z., Zheng, J. J., Fan, X. L., and Shan, J. S. (2010). “Analytical solution for fracture analysis of CFRP sheet-strengthened cracked concrete beams.” J. Eng. Mech., 1202–1219.
Yasaee, M., Bond, I. P., Trask, R. S., and Greenhalgh, E. S. (2012). “Mode-II interfacial toughening through discontinuous interleaves for damage suppression and control.” Comp. Part A, 43(1), 198–207.
Zanotti, C., Banthia, N., and Plizzari, G. (2014a). “A study of some factors affecting bond in cementitious fiber reinforced repairs.” Cem. Concr. Res., 63, 117–126.
Zanotti, C., Banthia, N., and Plizzari, G. (2014b). “Towards sustainable repairs: Substrate-repair interface mode-I fracture analysis.” Int. J. Sustainable Mater. Struct. Syst., 1(3), 265–281.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 28 • Issue 9 • September 2016
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 21, 2015
Accepted: Feb 4, 2016
Published online: Apr 18, 2016
Published in print: Sep 1, 2016
Discussion open until: Sep 18, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.