Experimental Study on Bond Behavior in Fiber-Reinforced Concrete with Low Content of Recycled Steel Fiber
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 28, Issue 9
Abstract
The use of recycled steel fibers from waste tires as reinforcement in concrete matrix appears to be a promising solution, thanks to the performance of the material in terms of toughness and postcracking behavior. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the bond behavior of recycled steel fiber–reinforced concrete (RSFRC) and steel bars, and compare the results with those of industrial steel fiber–reinforced concrete (ISFRC). The paper focuses on the characterization of the mechanical properties of concrete reinforced with short steel fibers from waste tires and on the results of pull-out tests executed both on RSFRC and ISFRC. The experimental results, in terms of failure mode, maximum bond stress, and bond stress versus slip behavior are analyzed and discussed. Finally, a theoretical analysis of the bond-slip behavior was performed. The experimental results show that most of the known performance of the ISFRC can be extended to RSFRC. Referring to the bond performance, an improved behavior of RSFRC with respect to ISFRC in terms of bond-slip law was observed.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge Irigom S.r.l. for the supplying steel fibers recovered from waste tires. They also wish to thank Italcementi S.p.A. for providing experimental and technical support in this research program.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2003). “Bond and development of straight reinforcing bars in tension.” ACI 408R-03, Farmington Hills, MI.
Aiello, M. A., Leuzzi, F., Centonze, G., and Maffezzoli, A. (2009). “Use of steel fibres recovered from waste tyres as reinforcement in concrete: Pull-out behavior, compressive and flexural strength.” Waste Manage., 29(6), 1960–1970.
Barros, J. A. O., Zamanzadeh, Z., Mendes, P. J. D., and Lourenço, L. A. P. (2013). “Assessment of the potentialities of recycled steel fibres for the reinforcement of cement based materials.” The New Boundaries of Structural Concrete, Imready, Galazzano, 249–260.
Bjegovic, D., Baricevic, A. and Lakusic, S. (2013). “Positive interaction of industrial and recycled steel fibres in fibre reinforced concrete.” J. Civ. Eng. Manage., 19(Suppl. 1), S50–S60.
Buratti, N., Mazzotti, C. and Savoia, M. (2011). “Post-cracking behaviour of steel and macro-synthetic fiber-reinforced concretes.” Constr. Build. Mater., 25(5), 2713–2722.
Cairns, J., and Plizzari, G. A. (2004). “Bond behaviour of conventional reinforcement in fiber reinforced concrete.” Proc., 6th RILEM Symp. on Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (BEFIB 2004), M. di Prisco, R. Felicetti, and G. A. Plizzari, eds., Varenna, Italy, 321–330.
Centonze, G., Leone, M., and Aiello, M. A. (2012). “Steel fibers from waste tires as reinforcement in concrete: A mechanical characterization.” Constr. Build. Mater., 36, 46–57.
CNR (Italian National Research Council). (2007). “Guide for the design and construction of fiber-reinforced concrete structures.”, Rome.
di Prisco, M., Plizzari, G. A., and Vanderwalle, L. (2009). “Fibre reinforced concrete: New design perspectives.” Mater. Struct., 42(9), 1261–1281.
di Prisco, M., Toniolo, G., Plizzari, G. A., Cangiano, S., and Failla, C. (2004). “Italian guidelines on SFRC.” Fiber reinforced concrete from theory to practice, Starrylink-Editrice, Bergamo, Italy, 24–25.
Ezeldin, A. S., and Balaguru, P. N. (1989). “Bond behavior of normal and high strength fiber reinforced concrete.” ACI Mater. J., 86(5), 515–524.
Ezeldin, A. S., and Balaguru, P. N. (1990). “Bond performance of reinforcing bars embedded in fiber reinforced concrete and subjected to monotonic and cyclic loads.” Proc., Serviceability and Durability of Construction Materials Conf., B. A. Suprenant, ed., ASCE, Reston, VA, 145–154.
Fanella, D. A., and Naaman, A. E. (1985). “Stress-strain properties of fiber reinforced mortar in compression.” ACI J., 82(4), 475–483.
FIB (Fédération Internationale du Béton). (2000). “Bond of reinforcement in concrete.”, Lausanne, Switzerland.
FIB (Fédération internationale du béton). (2013) “fib model code for concrete structures 2010.” Ernst & Sohn, Berlin.
Foti, D. (2011). “Preliminary analysis of concrete reinforced with waste bottles pet fibers.” Constr. Build. Mater., 25(4), 1906–1915.
Foti, D. (2013). “Use of recycled waste pet bottles fibers for the reinforcement of concrete.” Compos. Struct., 96, 396–404.
García-Taengua, E., Martí-Vargas, J. R., and Serna, P. (2014). “Splitting of concrete cover in steel fiber reinforced concrete: Semi-empirical modelling and minimum confinement requirements.” Constr. Build. Mater., 66, 743–751.
Garcìa-Taengua, E., Martì-Vargas, J. R., and Serna-Ros, P. (2011). “Statistical approach to effect of factors involved in bond performance of steel fiber-reinforced concrete.” ACI Struct. J., 108(4), 461–468.
Hamza, A. M., and Naaman, A. E. (1996). “Bond characteristics of deformed reinforcing steel bars embedded in SIFCON.” ACI Mater. J., 93(6), 578–588.
Harajli, M. H. (1992). “Local bond-slip behavior of reinforcing bars embedded in fiber reinforced concrete.” Proc., Int. Conf. Bond in Concrete—From Research to Practice, Comite Euro International du Beton, Riga, Latvia.
Harajli, M. H. (2007). “Numerical bond analysis using experimentally derived local bond laws: A powerful method for evaluating the bond strength of steel bars.” J. Struct. Eng., 695–705.
Harajli, M. H., Hout, M., and Jalkh, W. (1995). “Local bond stress-slip behavior of reinforcing bars embedded in plain and fiber concrete.” ACI Mater. J., 92(4), 343–353.
Harajli, M. H., and Mabsout, M. E. (2002). “Evaluation of bond strength of steel reinforcing bars in plain and fiber-reinforced concrete.” ACI Struct. J., 99(4), 509–517.
Hota, S., and Naaman, A. E. (1997). “Bond stress-slip response of reinforcing bars embedded in FRC matrices under monotonic and cyclic loading.” ACI Struct. J., 94(5), 525–536.
Kim, S. B., Yi, N. H., Kim, H. Y., Kim, J., and Song, Y. (2010). “Material and structural performance evaluation of recycled pet fiber reinforced concrete.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 32(3), 232–240.
Meddah, M. S., and Bencheikh, M. (2009). “Proprieties of concrete reinforced with different kinds of industrial waste fibre materials.” Constr. Build. Mater., 23(10), 3196–3205.
Nataraja, M. C., Dhang, N., and Gupta, A. P. (1999). “Stress-strain curves for steel-fiber reinforced concrete under compression.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 21(5–6), 383–390.
Neocleous, K., Tlemat, H., and Pilakoutas, K. (2006). “Design issues for concrete reinforced with steel fibers.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 677–685.
Ochi, T., Okubo, S., and Fukui, K. (2007). “Development of recycled pet fiber and its application as concrete-reinforced fiber.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 29(6), 448–455.
Olivito, R. S., and Zuccarello, F. A. (2010). “An experimental study on the tensile strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete.” Compos. Part B: Eng., 41(3), 246–255.
Papakonstantinou, C. G., and Tobolski, M. (2006). “Use of waste tire steel beads in portland cement concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 36(9), 1686–1691.
RILEM (Reunion Internationale des Laboratoires et Experts des Materiaux). (1970). “Bond test for reinforcing steel. Part II: Pull-out test.” Mater. Struct., 3(3), 175–178.
RILEM (Reunion Internationale des Laboratoires et Experts des Materiaux). (1994). “Bond test for reinforcement steel. 2: Pull-out test, 1983.”, E & FN SPON, London, 218–220.
Tlemat, H., Pilakoutas, K., and Neocleous, K. (2006a). “Design issues for concrete reinforced with steel fibres recovered from waste tyres.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 677–685.
Tlemat, H., Pilakoutas, K., and Neocleous, K. (2006b). “Stress strain characteristic of SFRC using recycled fibre.” Mater. Struct., 39(3), 365–377.
UNI (Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione). (2003). “Test method for determination of first crach strength and ductility indexes.” UNI 11039-2, Milano, Italy.
UNI (Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione). (2009a). “Testing fresh concrete—Part 2: Slump-test.” UNI EN 12350-2, Milano, Italy.
UNI (Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione). (2009b). “Testing fresh concrete—Part 6: Density.” UNI EN 12350-6, Milano, Italy.
UNI (Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione). (2009c). “Testing fresh concrete—Part 7: Air content—Pressure methods.” UNI EN 12350-7, Milano, Italy.
UNI (Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione). (2009d). “Testing hardened concrete—Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens.” UNI EN 12390-3, Milano, Italy.
UNI (Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione). (2010a). “Steel for the reinforcement and prestressing of concrete—Test methods—Part 1: Reinforcing bars, wire rod and wire.” UNI EN 15630-1, Milano, Italy.
UNI (Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione). (2010b). “Testing hardened concrete—Part 6: Tensile splitting strength of test specimens.” UNI EN 12390-6, Milano, Italy.
UNI (Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione). (2014). “Concrete—Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity.” UNI EN 206, Milano, Italy.
Vasanelli, E., Micelli, F., Aiello, M. A., and Plizzari, G. (2013). “Crack width prediction of FRC beams in short and long term bending condition.” Mater. Struct., 47(1–2), 39–54.
Wang, Y., Wu, H. C., and Li, V. C. (2000). “Concrete reinforcement with recycled fibres.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 314–319.
Windisch, A. (1985). “A modified pull-out test and new evaluation methods for a more real local bond-slip relationship.” Mater. Struct., 18(3), 181–184.
Yalciner, H., Eren, O., and Sensoy, S. (2013). “An experimental study on the bond strength between reinforcement bars and concrete as a function of concrete cover, strength and corrosion level.” Cem. Concr. Res., 42(5), 643–655.
Yazıcı, S., and Sahan Arel, H. (2013). “The effect of steel fiber on the bond between concrete and deformed steel bar in SFRCs.” Constr. Build. Mater., 40, 299–305.
Zamanzadeh, Z., Lourenço, L., and Barros, J. (2015). “Recycled steel fibre reinforced concrete failing in bending and in shear.” Constr. Build. Mater., 85, 195–207.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 28 • Issue 9 • September 2016
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 6, 2015
Accepted: Nov 13, 2015
Published online: Mar 23, 2016
Discussion open until: Aug 23, 2016
Published in print: Sep 1, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.