Investigation of Aging in Hydrated Lime and Portland Cement Modified Asphalt Concrete at Multiple Length Scales
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 28, Issue 5
Abstract
The properties of asphalt concrete are the result of many interdependent physical and chemical mechanisms occurring across multiple length scales. Admixtures such as hydrated lime (HL) and portland cement (PC) are known to affect the behaviors of asphalt concrete at the macroscale, but their contribution at other scales and influences on overall performance of the material are not well understood. This paper presents the findings of a study that evaluates the potential for HL and PC for mitigating the effects of asphalt concrete aging with respect to modulus and fatigue resistance. The properties of interest were evaluated at multiple scales, which involved binder, mastic, and mixture testing. Rheological analyses of aged and non-aged control, HL modified, and PC modified mastics indicate that HL possesses greater potential to mitigate aging than PC. In mixture testing, the modulus results showed trends similar to that of mastics, in which the HL-modified samples were the stiffest and showed greater potential to mitigate aging. As expected, the relative increase in stiffness and relative potential to mitigate aging, averaged across temperatures, was found to be higher in mastics than the mixtures. The results from the uniaxial fatigue test show that HL mixtures possess higher fatigue resistance when aged, thus less negative effects from the oxidation process. Magnification of aging mitigation potential at the mastic scale, and its direct correlation to fatigue behavior, explains why multiple scale evaluations can be useful in evaluating the true benefits of the admixtures.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
AASHTO. (2012a). “Standard practice for accelerated aging of asphalt binder using a pressurized aging vessel (PAV).” AASHTO R28-12, Washington, DC.
AASHTO. (2012b). “Standard practice for mixture conditioning of hot mix asphalt (HMA).” AASHTO R30-02, Washington, DC.
AASHTO. (2013). “Determining dynamic modulus of hot mix asphalt (HMA).” AASHTO T342-11, Washington, DC.
Airey, G. D. (2003). “State of the art report on ageing test methods for bituminous pavement materials.” Int. J. Pavement Eng., 4(3), 165–176.
Anderson, D. A. (1987). “Guidelines for use of dust in hot-mix asphalt concrete mixtures.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol., 56, 492–516.
Anderson, D. A., et al. (1994). “Binder characterization and evaluation. Volume 3: Physical characterization.”, Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Bell, C. A. (1989). “Aging of asphalt aggregate systems.”, Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Bell, C. A., Fellin, M. J., and Wieder, A. (1994a). “Field validation of laboratory aging procedures for asphalt aggregate mixtures.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol., 63, 45–80.
Bell, C. A., and Sosnovske, D. (1994). “Aging: Binder validation.”, Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Bell, C. A., Weider, A. J., and Fellin, M. J. (1994b). “Laboratory aging of asphalt- aggregate mixtures: Field validation.”, Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, Washington, DC.
British Standard. (2008). “Determination of the Voids of dry compacted filler.” BS EN 1097-4:2008.
Brown, S. F., and Scholz, T. V. (2000). “Development of laboratory protocols for the ageing of asphalt mixtures.” Proc., 2nd Eurasphalt and Eurobitume Congress, Barcelona, Spain.
Chehab, G. R., and Kim, Y. R. (2009). “Interrelationships among asphalt concrete stiffnesss.” Modeling of asphalt concrete, Y. R. Kim, ed., ASCE, New York.
Craus, J., Ishai, I., and Sides, A. (1978). “Some physico-chemical aspects of the effect and the role of the filler in bituminous paving mixtures.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol., 47, 558–587.
Glaser, R. R., Schabron, J. F., Turner, T. F., Planche, J. P., Salmans, S. L., and Loveridge, J. L. (2013). “Low temperature oxidation kinetics of asphalt binders.” Transp. Res. Rec., 2370, 63–68.
Glover, C. J., et al. (2002). “Evaluation of binder aging and its influence in aging of hot mix asphalt concrete: Literature review and experimental design.”, Texas Transportation Institute, College Station, TX.
Han, R. (2011). “Improvement to a transport model of asphalt binder oxidation in pavements: Pavement temperature modeling, oxygen diffusivity in asphalt binders and mastics, and pavement air void characterization.” Ph.D. dissertation, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX.
Heukelom, W. (1968). “The role of filler in bitumen mixes.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol., 34, 396–429.
Houston, W. N., Mirza, M. W., Zapata, C. E., and Raghavendra, S. (2005). Environmental effects in pavement mix and structural design systems, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Washington, DC.
Huschek, S., and Angst, C. (1980). “Mechanical properties of filler-bitumen mixes at high and low service temperatures.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol., 49, 440–475.
Kavussi, A., and Hicks, R. G. (1997). “Properties of bituminous mixtures containing different fillers.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol., 66, 153–186.
Lesueur, D., and Little, D. N. (1999). “Effect of hydrated lime on rheology, fracture and aging of bitumen.” Transp. Res. Rec., 1661, 93–105.
Lesueur, D., Petit, J., and Ritter, H. J. (2013). “The mechanisms of hydrated lime modification of asphalt mixtures: A state-of-the-art review.” Road Mater. Pavement Des., 14(1), 1–16.
Little, D. N., Epps, J. A., and Sebaaly, P. E. (2006). The benefits of hydrated lime in hot mix asphalt, National Lime Association.
Little, D., and Petersen, J. (2005). “Unique effects of hydrated lime filler on the performance-related properties of asphalt cements: Physical and chemical interactions revisited.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 207–218.
Olek, J., Cohen, M. D., and Lobo, C. (1990). “Determination of surface area of portland cement and silica fume by mercury intrusion porosimetry.” ACI Mater. J., 87(5), 473–478.
Petersen, J. C. (2003). “Chemical composition of asphalt as related to asphalt durability: State of the art.” Transp. Res. Rec., 999, 13–30.
Petersen, J. C. (2009). “A review of the fundamentals of asphalt oxidation: Chemical, physicochemical, physical property, and durability relationships.”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
Plancher, H., Green, E. L., and Petersen, J. C. (1976). “Reduction of oxidative hardening of asphalts by treatment with hydrated lime—A mechanistic study.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol., 45, 1–19.
Reese, R. (1997). “Properties of aged asphalt binder related to asphalt concrete fatigue life.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol., 66, 604–632.
Rigden, P. J. (1947). “The use of fillers in bituminous road surfacings: A study of filler-binder systems in relation to filler characteristics.” J. Soc. Chem. Industry, 66(9), 299–309.
Tunnicliff, D. G. (1967). “Binding effects of mineral filler.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol., 36, 114–156.
Underwood, B. S., Baek, C., and Kim, Y. R. (2012). “Simplified viscoelastic continuum damage model as a platform for asphalt concrete fatigue analysis.” Transp. Res. Rec., 2296, 36–45.
Underwood, B. S., and Kim, Y. R. (2011). “Experimental investigation into multiscale behaviour of asphalt concrete.” Int. J. Pavement Eng., 12(4), 357–370.
Underwood, B. S., Kim, Y. R., and Guddati, M. N. (2010). “Improved calculation method of damage parameter in viscoelastic continuum damage model.” Int. J. Pavement Eng., 11(6), 459–476.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 28 • Issue 5 • May 2016
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 27, 2015
Accepted: Oct 13, 2015
Published online: Dec 31, 2015
Published in print: May 1, 2016
Discussion open until: May 31, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.