Durability Properties of Concrete Made with High Volumes of Low-Calcium Coal Bottom Ash As a Replacement of Two Types of Sand
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 28, Issue 4
Abstract
Two types of concrete mixtures (Concrete A and Concrete B) were prepared with sands having different fineness modulus. Sand was replaced with coal bottom ash (CBA) at 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, and 100% levels in both concrete mixtures. Laboratory tests were performed to study the effect of CBA on compressive strength, sorptivity, chloride permeability, drying shrinkage, and sulfate and acid resistance of concrete. At 7 days, for both grades of concretes, concrete mixtures incorporating CBA showed lower compressive strength. At 28 days, for Concrete A, no significant effect of CBA on compressive strength was observed. However, in case of Concrete B, concrete mixtures containing more than 50% CBA displayed lower 28-day compressive strength than that of control concrete. With age, compressive strength of bottom ash concrete mixtures increased at faster rate. Bottom ash concrete mixtures displayed higher sorptivity, lower chloride permeability, and drying shrinkage. For both grades of concretes, resistance to sulfate and acid exposure of control and bottom ash concrete mixtures were almost identical. Compressive strength of concrete mixtures increased up to 180 days of immersion in sulfate solution. Under acid attack, control and bottom ash concrete mixtures experienced almost equal weight loss.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Abd elaty, M. (2014). “Compressive strength prediction of portland cement concrete with age using a new model.” HBRC J., 10(2), 145–155.
ACAA (American Coal Ash Association). (2013). Coal combustion product (CCP) production and use, Aurora, CO.
Al-Amoudi, O. S. B., Al-Kutti, W. A., Ahmad, S., and Maslehuddin, M. (2009). “Correlation between compressive strength and certain durability indices of plain and blended cement concretes.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 31(9), 672–676.
Aramraks, T. (2006). “Experimental study of concrete mixes with bottom ash as fine aggregate in Thailand.” Symp. on Infrastructure Development and the Environment, SEAMEO-INNOTECH, Univ. Phillippines, Diliman, Quezon, Philippines, 1–5.
ASTM. (1997). “Standard test method for density, absorption, and voids in hardened concrete.”, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2003). “Standard test methods for length change of hardened hydraulic-cement mortar and concrete.”, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2004). “Standard test methods for measurement of rate of absorption of water by hydraulic–cement concretes.”, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2010a). “Standard test methods for electrical indication of concrete’s ability to resist chloride ion penetration.”, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2010b). “Standard test methods for length change of hydraulic-cement mortars exposed to a sulfate solution.”, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2012). “Standard test methods for chemical resistance of mortars, grouts and monolithic surfacing and polymer concretes.”, West Conshohocken, PA.
Bai, Y., Darcy, F., and Basheer, P. A. M. (2005). “Strength and drying shrinkage properties of concrete containing furnace bottom ash as fine aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater., 19(9), 691–697.
Bilodeau, A., Sivasundaram, V., Painter, K. E., Malhotra, V. M. (1994). “Durability of concrete incorporating high volumes of fly ash from sources in the U.S.” ACI Mater. J., 91(1), 3–12.
BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards). (1959). “Indian standard methods of test for strength of concrete.”, New Delhi, India.
BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards). (1982). “Recommended guidelines for concrete mix design.”, New Delhi, India.
BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards). (1989). “Indian standard 43 grade ordinary portland cement—Specification.”, New Delhi, India.
CEA (Central Electricity Authority). (2014). “Report on fly ash generation at coal/lignite based thermal power stations and its utilization in the country for the year 2013–14.” Sewa Bhawan, New Delhi, India.
Cheriaf, M., Rocka, J. C., and Pera, J. (1999). “Pozzolanic properties of pulverized coal combustion bottom ash.” Cem. Concr. Res., 29(9), 1387–1391.
Deo, S. V., and Pofale, A. D. (2015). “Parametric study for replacement of sand by fly ash for better packing and internal curing.” Open J. Civ. Eng., 5(01), 118–130.
Dhir, R. K., McCarthy, M. J., and Tittle, P. A. J. (2000). “Use of conditioned PFA as a fine aggregate in concrete.” Mater. Struct., 33(1), 38–42.
Folagbade, and Olufemi, S. (2012). “Effect of fly ash and silica fume on the sorptivity of concrete.” Int. J. Eng. Sci. Technol., 4(9), 4238–4246.
Ghafoori, N., and Bucholc, J. (1996). “Investigation of lignite based bottom ash for structural concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 128–137.
Ghrieb, A., Mitiche-Kettab, R., Guettala, S. (2014). “Relationship between porosity, the maximum dry density and the mechanical behavior of stabilized dune sands.” Global J. Res. Eng., 14(2), 29–38.
Kanthi, E. A., and Kavitha, M. (2014). “Studies on partial replacement of sand with fly ash in concrete.” Eur. J. Adv. Eng. Technol., 1(2), 89–92.
Kasemchaisiri, R., and Tangetermsirikul, S. (2007). “A method of determine water retainability of porous fine aggregate for design and quality control of fresh concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 21(6), 1322–1334.
Kou, S. C., and Poon, C. S. (2009). “Properties of concrete prepared with crushed fine stone, furnace bottom ash and fine recycled aggregate as fine aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater., 23(8), 2877–2886.
Mačiulaitis, R., and Malaiškien, J. (2009). “The regulation of structural parameters of ceramics depending on the drying regime.” J. Civ. Eng. Manage., 15(2), 197–204.
Maslehuddin, M., Al-Mana, A. I., Shamim, M., and Saricimen, H. (1989). “Effect of sand replacement on the early-age strength gain and long-term corrosion-resisting characteristics of fly ash concrete.” ACI Mater. J., 86(1), 58–62.
McCarter, W. J. (1993). “Influence of surface finish on sorptivity on concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 130–136.
Ouyang, C., Naani, A., and Chang, W. F. (1988). “Internal and external sources of sulphate ions in portland cement mortar: Two types of chemical attack.” Cem. Concr. Res., 18(5), 699–709.
Siddique, R. (2003). “Effect of fine aggregate replacement with class F fly ash on the mechanical properties of concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 33(4), 539–547.
Singh, M., and Siddique, R. (2013). “Effect of coal bottom ash as partial replacement of sand on properties of concrete.” Resour., Conserv. Recycl., 72, 20–32.
Tikalsky, P. J., and Carrasquillo, R. L. (1988). “Strength and durability considerations affecting mix proportioning of concrete containing fly ash.” ACI Mater. J., 86(6), 505–511.
Tikalsky, P. J., and Carrasquillo, R. L. (1989). “Effect of fly ash on sulfate resistance of concrete.”, Centre for Transportation Research, Bureau of Engineering Research, Univ. of Texas at Austin, TX, 1–346.
Yang, K., Basheer, P. A. M., Magee, B., Bai, Y., and Long, A. E. (2015). “Repeatability and reliability of new air and water permeability tests for assessing the durability of high-performance concretes.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 04015057.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 28 • Issue 4 • April 2016
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 29, 2015
Accepted: Aug 24, 2015
Published online: Oct 23, 2015
Discussion open until: Mar 23, 2016
Published in print: Apr 1, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.