New Approach to Recycle Glass Cullet in Asphalt Shingles to Alleviate Thermal Loads and Reduce Heat Island Effects
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 27, Issue 8
Abstract
As an approach to mitigate the harmful effects of urban heat islands (UHI), the use of glass cullet in the production of asphalt roof shingles has the potential to be employed as a cool roof strategy. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the use of recycled glass cullet increases the solar reflectance index (SRI) without affecting the performance of asphalt roof shingles. In order to evaluate the feasibility of using recycled glass cullet in this new application, the engineering properties of glass cullet were measured and compared to conventional aggregates used in the production of asphalt roof shingles. Laboratory shingle specimens were then prepared in order to measure solar reflectance properties and strength characteristics of conventional and recycled glass roof shingles. Results show that while the use of recycled glass cullet as a replacement to standard ceramic coated black roofing granules on the top surface of asphalt shingles increased the SRI, the addition of white pigment powder (anatase ultrafine titanium dioxide [] particles passing mesh #320) to the surface granules greatly improves the reflectance properties of the roof to a level that meets the cool roof threshold.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The author would like to acknowledge Ghesquiere Plastic Testing, Inc., for providing tear strength testing, Lhoist North America for providing limestone filler material, BlendTec for providing a mixer, Strategic Materials, Inc., for providing glass cullet, 3M Industrial Mineral Products for ceramic coated roofing granules, and the Louisiana Transportation Research Center (LTRC) for granting us access to their laboratories.
References
ASTM. (2006a). “Standard test method for sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates.” C136, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2006b). “Standard test methods for uncompacted void content of fine aggregate (as influenced by particle shape, surface texture, and grading).” C1252, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2007). “Standard test method for particle-size analysis of soils.” D422, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2009). “Standard test method for propagation tear resistance of plastic film and thin sheeting by pendulum method.” D1922, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2010). “Standard specification for asphalt shingles made from glass felt and surfaced with mineral granules.” D3462, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2011). “Standard practice for calculating solar reflectance index of horizontal and low-sloped opaque surfaces.” E1980, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2012a). “Standard test method for density, relative density (specific gravity), and absorption of fine aggregate.” C128, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2012b). “Standard test method for solar absorptance, reflectance, and transmittance of materials using integrating spheres.” E903, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2013a). “Standard test method for soundness of aggregates by use of sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate.” C88, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2013b). “Standard test method for viscosity determination of asphalt at elevated temperatures using a rotational viscometer.” D4402, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2013c). “Standard test methods for total normal emittance of surfaces using inspection-meter techniques.” E408, West Conshohocken, PA.
Bretz, S., Akbari, H., and Rosenfeld, A. (1997). “Practical issues for using solar-reflective materials to mitigate urban heat islands.” Atmos. Environ., 32(1), 95–101.
Glass Packaging Institute. (2013). 〈http://www.gpi.org/recycling/glass-recycling-facts〉 (Oct. 23, 2013).
Hassan, M., and Kiletico, M. (2014). “Method for the manufacturing of energy efficient shingles using coated recycled glass cullet.”.
Kültüra, S., and Türkeri, N. (2012). “Assessment of long term solar reflectance performance of roof coverings measured in laboratory and in field.” Build. Environ., 48, 164–172.
Leavell, D. N. (2006). “Roofing materials.” Industrial rocks and minerals, 7th Ed., Metallurgy and Exploration Society for Mining, 1173–1178.
Reindl, J. (2003). Reuse/recycling of glass cullet for non-container uses, Dept. of Public Works, Dane County, WI.
Synnefa, A., Santamouris, M., and Livada, I. (2006). “A study of the thermal performance of reflective coatings for the urban environment.” Sol. Energy, 80(8), 968–981.
USDOE. (2013). “U.S. department of energy, office of energy efficiency & renewable energy.” Cool roofs are ready to save energy, cool urban heat islands, and help slow global warming, Washington, DC.
USDOE. (2014). “U.S. department of energy.” DOE cool roof calculator, 〈http://web.ornl.gov/sci/roofs+walls/facts/CoolCalcEnergy.htm〉 (Feb. 18, 2014).
USEPA. (2014). “U.S. environmental protection agency.” State and local climate and energy program, heat island effect, Washington, DC.
Vardoulakis, E., Karamanis, D., Assimakopou, M. N., and Mihalakakou, G. (2011). “Solar cooling with aluminium pillared clays.” Solar Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 95(8), 2363–2370.
Xu, T., Sathaye, J., Akbari, H., Garg, V., and Tetali, S. (2012). “Quantifying the direct benefits of cool roofs in an urban setting: Reduced cooling energy use and lowered greenhouse gas emissions.” Build. Environ., 48, 1–6.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 27 • Issue 8 • August 2015
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 15, 2014
Accepted: Aug 20, 2014
Published online: Sep 25, 2014
Discussion open until: Feb 25, 2015
Published in print: Aug 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.