Effect of a Sand Mix Interlayer on Thermal Cracking in Overlays
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 26, Issue 9
Abstract
Sand mix interlayers are one of the most widely used stress-absorbing types of interlayers employed for concrete overlays and concrete bridge decks. Most of the available research focuses on the function of sand mix interlayers in terms of mechanics and ignores their ability to mitigate thermal cracking, which is one of the main distresses in pavements. To address this deficiency in the current body of literature, this study analyzes the effect of a sand mix interlayer on thermal cracking in overlays. This research examines the asphalt mixture, sand mix and concrete materials in terms of their contraction performance. The stress and strain states of the structures with and without a sand mix interlayer are determined using a strain gauge and are simulated using ABAQUS. The results show that after adding a sand mix layer, the stress state of the asphalt mixture is much closer to its stress state without any constraint. The inclusion of the sand mix layer decreases the tension stress at the bottom of the asphalt layer, so that the distance between thermal cracks is allowed to increase and the number of thermal cracks decreases, which is good for the layered structure.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This study is supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2013M531050), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. HIT. NSRIF. 2014081), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51108138 and 51310105005).
References
ABAQUS 6.10 [Computer software]. Dassault Systèmes, Paris.
Al-Qadi, I. L., Buttlar, W. G., Baek, J., and Kim, M. (2009). “Cost effectiveness and performance of overlay systems in Illinois—volume 1: Effectiveness assessment of HMA overlay interlayer systems used to retard reflective cracking.”, Illinois Center for Transportation, Urbana, IL.
Al-Qadi, I. L., Elseifi, M., and Leonard, D. (2003). “Steel reinforcing nettings mechanism to delay reflective cracking in asphalt concrete overlays.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Pav. Technol., 82, 388–423.
Baek, J., and Al-Qadi, I. L. (2011). “Sand mix interlayer to control reflective cracking in hot-mix asphalt overlay.”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 53–60.
Bischoff, D. (2007). “Evaluation of Strata reflective crack relief system.”, Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Madison, WI.
Blankenship, P., Iker, N., and Drbohla, J. (2004). “Interlayer and design considerations to retard reflective cracking.” Transportation Research Record 1896, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 177–186.
Blomberg, J. M. (2003). “Superpave overlay of sand anti-fracture over Portland cement concrete pavement.”, Missouri Dept. of Transportation, Jefferson City, MO.
Buttlar, W. G., Bozkurt, D., and Dempsey, B. J. (2000). “Cost-effectiveness of paving fabrics used to control reflective cracking.” Transportation Research Record 1730, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 139–149.
Ceylan, H., Gopalakrishnan, K., and Lytton, R. L. (2011). “Neural networks modeling of stress growth in asphalt overlays due to load and thermal effects during reflection cracking.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 221–229.
Christison, J. T., Murray, D. W., and Anderson, K. O. (1972). “Stress prediction and low temperature fracture susceptibility of asphaltic concrete pavements.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Pav. Technol., 41, 494–523.
Coetzee, N. F., and Monismith, C. L. (1979). “Analytical study of minimization of reflection cracking in asphalt concrete overlays by use of a rubber-asphalt interlayer.” Transportation Research Record 700, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 100–108.
Hiltunen, D., and Roque, R. (1994). “Mechanics-based prediction model for thermal cracking of asphalt concrete pavements.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Pav. Technol., 63, 81–113.
Lorenz, V. M. (1987). “New Mexico study of interlayers used in reflective crack control.”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 94–103.
Scullion, T., and VonHoldt, C. (2004). “Performance report on jointed concrete pavement repair strategies in Texas.”, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M Univ. System, College Station, TX.
Shalaby, A., Abd Elhalim, A. O., and Easa, S. M. (2007). “Low-temperature stresses and fracture analysis of asphalt overlays.”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 132–139.
Shen, W., and Kirkener, D. J. (2001). “Thermal cracking of viscoelastic asphalt-concrete pavement.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 127(7), 700–709.
Vespa, J. W. (2005). “An evaluation of interlayer stress absorbing composite reflective crack relief system.”, Illinois Dept. of Transportation.
Yang, J., Dai, P., Yu, B., and Yang, Y. (2008). “Asphalt sand stress absorbing interlayer used in asphalt pavement with semi-rigid base.” Pavement cracking: Mechanisms, modeling, detection, testing and case histories, RILEM Int. Conf. Cracking in Pavements, Chicago, IL, 229–238.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 26 • Issue 9 • September 2014
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 4, 2012
Accepted: Sep 16, 2013
Published online: Sep 18, 2013
Published in print: Sep 1, 2014
Discussion open until: Oct 12, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.