Effects of Cold Temperature and Strain Rate on the Stress-Strain Behavior of ASTM A706 Grade 420(60) Steel Reinforcement
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 24, Issue 12
Abstract
This paper discusses the results of an experimental study conducted on ASTM Grade 420(60) mild steel reinforcement at varying temperatures and strain rates to aid in the design of structures that experience seasonal freezing. The test data for this study were collected by performing monotonic testing of standard reinforcement samples at 20°C (68°F), 5°C (41°F), (30.2°F), (), and () in an environmental chamber that maintained the desired temperature throughout testing. In addition, the response of samples subjected to different strain rates were examined at (30.2°F) and (). The effect of cold temperature and/or strain rate on the following key parameters, used to define the stress-strain behavior of the reinforcing steel, was examined: yield strength, elastic modulus, onset of strain hardening, ultimate tensile strength, and ultimate tensile strain. The study revealed that the yield and ultimate tensile strengths increase moderately as the temperature decreases and the strain rate increases. The strength increases associated with low temperature occurred even before reaching 0°C (32°F), confirming that the change in behavior of reinforcing steel is gradual. The elastic modulus and ultimate strain, however, were largely unaffected by both cold temperature and strain rate.
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Acknowledgments
The research presented in this paper was made possible due to the interest and support from the Alaska University and Transportation Center (AUTC) and the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (AKDOT & PF). Special thanks go to Aaron 'Shelman and Douglas Wood at Iowa State University; Billy Connor of the AUTC; and Elmer Marx, project advisor with the AKDOT & PF. Any opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.
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© 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Jan 20, 2011
Accepted: Mar 19, 2012
Published online: Mar 21, 2012
Published in print: Dec 1, 2012
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