Geotechnical Properties of Recycled Crushed Brick in Pavement Applications
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 23, Issue 10
Abstract
This paper presents the findings of a laboratory investigation of the characterization of recycled crushed brick and an assessment of its performance as a pavement subbase material. The properties of the recycled crushed brick were compared with the local state road authority specifications in Australia to assess its performance as a pavement subbase material. The experimental program was extensive and included tests such as particle size distribution, modified Proctor compaction, particle density, water absorption, California bearing ratio, Los Angeles abrasion loss, pH, organic content, static triaxial, and repeated load triaxial tests. California bearing ratio values were found to satisfy the local state road authority requirements for a lower subbase material. The Los Angeles abrasion loss value obtained was just above the maximum limits specified for pavement subbase materials. The repeat load triaxial testing established that crushed brick would perform satisfactorily at a 65% moisture ratio level. At higher moisture ratio levels, shear strength of the crushed brick was found to be reduced beyond the acceptable limits. The results of the repeat load triaxial testing indicate that only recycled crushed brick with a moisture ratio of around 65% is a viable material for usage in pavement subbase applications. The geotechnical testing results indicate that crushed brick may have to be blended with other durable recycled aggregates to improve its durability and to enhance its performance in pavement subbase applications.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
AG-PT/T053. (2000). “Austroads repeated load triaxial test method: Determination of permanent deformation and resilient modulus characteristics of unbound granular materials under drained conditions.” Reprint of APRG 00/33 (MA) June by B. T. Vuong and R. Brimble.
ASTM. (1963). “Standard test method for particle-size analysis of soils.” ASTM-D422, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2004). “Standard test method for consolidated undrained triaxial compression test for cohesive soils.” ASTM-D4767, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2006). “Standard test method for resistance to degradation of small-size coarse aggregate by abrasion and impact in the Los Angeles machine.” ASTM-C131, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2007). “Standard test methods for moisture, ash, and organic matter of peat and other organic soils.” ASTM-D2974, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2009). “Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modified effort ().” ASTM-D1557, West Conshohocken, PA.
Bakoss, S. L., and Ravindrarajah, R. S. (1999). Scoping report: Recycled construction and demolition materials for use in roadworks and other local government activities, Centre for Built Infrastructure Research, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia.
British Standard Institution (BSI). (2000). “Method for determination of particle shape; Flakiness index.” BS812-105.1, London.
Debieb, F., and Kenai, S. (2008). “The use of coarse and fine crushed bricks as aggregate in concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 22, 886–893.
Demir, M., and Orhan, M. (2003). “Reuse of waste brick in the production line.” Build. Environ., 38, 1451–1455.
Gregory, R. J., Hughes, T. G., and Kwan, A. S. K. (2004). “Brick recycling and reuse.” Engineering Sustainability, Proc., Institution of Civil Engineers UK, 157(ES3), London, 155–161.
Hansen, T. C. (1992). “Recycling of demolition concrete and masonry.” RILEM Rep. No. 6, E&FN Spon, London.
Khalaf, F. M., and De Venney, A. S. (2005). “Properties of new and recycled clay brick aggregates for use in concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 17(4), 456–464.
Lidelow, S. (2004). “Environmental assessment of secondary construction material.” Licentiate thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Division of Waste Science and Technology, Lulea Univ. of Technology, Lulea, Sweden.
Nolan-ITU. (2002). “Solid industrial waste plan data report.” Rep. 3035-17, Nolan-ITU Pty Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Papagiannakis, A. T., and Masad, E. A. (2007). Pavement design and materials, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
Poon, C. S., and Chan, D. (2006). “Feasible use of recycled concrete aggregates and crushed clay brick as unbound road sub-base.” Constr. Build. Mater., 20, 578–585.
Portas, S. (2004). “Case study: Mechanical reliability of sub-grade layer built with demolition waste materials.” 2nd Int. Congress on New Technologies and Modelling Tools for Roads, Societa Italiana Infrastructure Viarie, Florence, Italy.
Rabaiotti, C., and Caprez, M. (2004). “Compaction characteristics and bearing capacity of recycled materials for road construction.” Recycled materials in geotechnics, ASCE, Reston, VA, 173–185.
Sivakumar, V., McKinley, J. D., and Ferguson, D. (2005). “Reuse of construction waste: performance under repeated loading.” Geotechnical Engineering, Proc., Institution of Civil Engineers UK, 157, London, 91–96.
Standards Association of Australia (SAA). (1996). “Method for sampling and testing aggregates—Particle size distribution by sieving.” AS1141.11, Sydney, Australia.
Standards Association of Australia (SAA). (1997). “Soil chemical tests—Determination of the pH value of a soil—Electrometric method.” AS1289.4.3.1.
Standards Association of Australia (SAA). (1998). “Determination of the California bearing ratio of a soil—Standard laboratory method for a remoulded specimen.” AS1289.6.1.1.
Standards Association of Australia (SAA). (2000a). “Particle density and water absorption of fine aggregate.” AS1141.5.
Standards Association of Australia (SAA). (2000b). “Particle density and water absorption of coarse aggregate—Weighing-in-water method.” AS1141.6.1.
Standards Association of Australia (SAA). (2001). “Soil strength and consolidation tests—Determination of permeability of a soil—Falling head method for a remoulded specimen.” AS1289.6.7.2.
Standards Association of Australia (SAA). (2003). “Soil compaction and density tests—Determination of the dry density/moisture content relation of a soil using modified compactive effort.” AS1289.5.2.1.
Sustainability-Victoria. (2005). “Annual Survey of Victorian Recycling Industries 2004-2005.” Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Sustainability-Victoria. (2009). “Victorian Recycling Industries Annual Survey 2007-2008, July.” Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
WorkSafe Victoria. (2006). “Recycling construction and demolition material: Guidance on complying with the occupational health and safety (Asbestos) regulations 2003.” Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 11, 2010
Accepted: Apr 5, 2011
Published online: Apr 7, 2011
Published in print: Oct 1, 2011
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.