Experimental and Numerical (Fluent-VOF, k-ϵ, DPM) Study of Variation of Trap Efficiency of Irregular Hexagonal SIT (Sediment Invert Trap) for Particle Removal in Rectangular Open Drains and Sewers

At some locations along the length of open sewers and drains, sediment particles get deposited on the bottom bed, reducing hydraulic efficiency. A sediment invert trap (SIT) can be implemented on the bottom of open sewers and drains to trap sediment particles moving on the bed surface. Several investigators have conducted experimental and computational studies to understand the particle trapping behavior of invert traps of various shapes and depths under varying sediment and flow parameters. In experimental studies, previous investigators have used actual and artificial sediment particles; in computational analyses, spherical particles have been considered. The current study investigated the particle trapping behavior of an irregular hexagonal sediment invert trap (SIT) through experiments and two-dimensional (2D) numerical modeling. Seventy-two experiments were performed using actual sewage solid particles in an open rectangular channel with a bottom-fitted invert trap with multiple depths. Sixty numerical simulations were performed using ANSYS Fluent 2020 R1 computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, considering spherical and nonspherical sewage solid particles. The velocity field was predicted using the volume of fluid (VOF) model combined with the realizable $k\text{-}ϵ$ turbulence model. Particle trap efficiency was predicted using a stochastic discrete phase model (DPM). Trap efficiency varied significantly with depth of flow, invert trap depth, slot aperture size, and particle size and shape. Analysis of the simulated flow field showed that variation of turbulent kinetic energy above the trap’s slot aperture was also responsible for variations in trap efficiency values. Fluent simulations considering particles as nonspherical (using shape factors) agreed well with experimentally measured trap efficiency, with mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) of 6.23%, 8.79%, and 13.77% for particle size ranges ${\mathrm{SS}}_1$, ${\mathrm{SS}}_2$, and ${\mathrm{SS}}_3$, respectively, with both slot apertures at all flow depths. The 2D-CFD study consistently overpredicted trap efficiencies compared to the experimental findings. With a fixed length and width of 0.32 and 0.15 m, respectively, the optimal depth of the irregular hexagonal SIT was found to be 0.65 m with slot aperture sizes of 0.15 and 0.03 m, whereas with slot aperture size of 0.15 m only, invert trap depths equal to 0.58, 0.43, and 0.38 m was found as optimum.