Abstract
Current models used to design agricultural drains assume that perforated pipes (field drains) are ideal drains, and some models do not include the water entrance resistance factor at pipe perforations. Drainage models used to design agricultural drains assume that perforated pipes (field drains) are ideal drains with no water entrance loss taking place at the drain perforations. However, this may not be a valid assumption for many drainage situations in which radial water flow into the drain is significant in relation to vertical and horizontal water flow. The convergence of streamlines toward the drilling of a real drain causes an additional input resistance (called entrance resistance) to flow and a pressure drop, as compared with an imaginary perfect flow drain. This work evaluates a PVC drains’ structural mechanical conditions, as related to the drainage extraction area and the water entrance resistance factor, to maximize its water discharge performance. The effects of pipe perforation density, pipe diameter, substrate hydraulic characteristics, and the incorporation of an enveloping screen were studied in an experimental setup to define water extraction efficiency, water entrance resistance factor (), and pipe effective radius (). This work proves that the water entrance resistance should be taken into account in drainage design because the optimal distance between parallel drains is significantly smaller if pipes are enclosed in a protective screen, compared with pipes without screen, for any drainage extraction area in different substrates. The effects of perforation density and envelope screens are determined by water extraction efficiency for small hydraulic head conditions.
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Acknowledgments
This study was financed by the National Committee for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT) and sponsored by the Company Vinilit S.A. Project No. 7813110015.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 143 • Issue 4 • April 2017
Copyright
©2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 24, 2016
Accepted: Aug 24, 2016
Published online: Nov 16, 2016
Published in print: Apr 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Apr 16, 2017
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Design (by type)
- Drainage
- Engineering fundamentals
- Flow (fluid dynamics)
- Flow resistance
- Fluid dynamics
- Fluid mechanics
- Hydrologic engineering
- Infrastructure
- Irrigation engineering
- Irrigation water
- Load and resistance factor design
- Load factors
- Pipe sizes
- Pipeline systems
- Pipelines
- Pipes
- Structural design
- Water (by type)
- Water and water resources
- Water discharge
- Water management
- Water pipelines
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