Development of a Mathematical Model of Lopac Gates in Accordance with the ICSS Hydrodynamic Model
Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 142, Issue 10
Abstract
A Lopac gate is one type of upstream control structures in irrigation canals. Advantages of a Lopac gate include performing as an overflow structure, letting sediments and floating bodies pass simultaneously, as well as easy automation. The structure has recently attracted the attention of researchers for detailed investigations. One effective tool to study control structures is a mathematical model. Due to the unsteady nature of flow in irrigation canals, incorporation of the mathematical model of control structures with hydrodynamic models is necessary. In this research, a mathematical model of Lopac gates is developed and linked with the ICSS (irrigation conveyance system simulation) hydrodynamic model. The Lopac gate model was developed as a boundary condition in four subroutines, including steady flow conditions, operation, unsteady flow conditions, and updating information. The developed model is validated using physical model data. The maximum error obtained was 6%, which is acceptable for practical purposes. The model was tested on a canal of DEZ irrigation network in Iran under many different conditions. The results showed that the model is performing well for tested applications and could be used in various studies of irrigation canals equipped with this structure.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Amein, M. (1968). “An implicit method for numerical flood routing.” Water Res. Res., 4(4), 719–726.
Amein, M., and Fang, C. S. (1970). “Implicit flood routing in natural channels.” Hydraul. Div., 96(12), 2481–2500.
AS2I (Aqua Systems 2000). (2005). “Hydra LOPAC gate.” 〈http://www.as2i.net/products/control-gates/hydra-lopac-gate〉 (Mar. 10, 2013).
Canadian Society for Civil Engineering Task Committee on River Models. (1990). “Comparative evaluation of river models.” Proc., Annual Conf. of the CSCE, Canadian Society for Civil Engineering (CSCE), Montreal, 282–300.
Gousard, J. (2000). Canal operation simulation models (provisional catalogue of models currently available), International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID), New Delhi, India, 1–27.
Henderson, F. M. (1966). Open channel flow, Macmillan, New York.
Hosseinzadeh, Z., and Monem, M. J. (2010). “Developing and testing of PID automatic control system of overshot weir for DEZ network.” 9th Iranian Hydraulic Conf., Iranian Hydraulic Association, Tehran, Iran, 235 (in Persian).
Manz, D. H. (1990). “Use of the ICSS model for predication of conveyance system operational characteristics.” Transactions of the 14th Int. Congress on Irrigation and Drainage, ICID, New Delhi, India, 1–18.
Manz, D. H., and Schaalje, M. (1992). “Development and application of the irrigation conveyance system simulation model.” CEMAGREF-IIMI Int. Workshop on the Application of Mathematical Modeling for Improvement of Irrigation Canal Operation, CEMAGREF, Montpelier, France.
Naghaei, R., and Monem, M. J. (2013a). “Introducing various hydraulic and operation conditions of Lopac gate in irrigation canals.” 1st National Conf. on Irrigation and Agricultural Water Productivity, Iranian Association of Irrigation and Drainage, Tehran, Iran (in Persian).
Naghaei, R., and Monem, M. J. (2013b). “Introduction of Lopac gate for upstream water level control in irrigation canals and representing its hydraulic equation.” 4th National Congress on Irrigation and Drainage Network, Shahid Chamran Univ., Ahwaz, Iran (in Persian).
Naghaei, R., and Monem, M. J. (2015). “Mathematical simulation of Lopac gate and presentation of operating structure instruction in the E1R1 canal of DEZ irrigation network.” 1st National Congress on Iran’s Irrigation and Drainage, Iranian Association of Irrigation and Drainage, Tehran, Iran (in Persian).
Oad, R., and Kinzli, K. (2006). “SCADA employed in middle Rio Grande valley to help deliver water efficiently.” Colorado Water Newsletter of the Water Center, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO.
Shahverdi, K., and Monem, M. J. (2012). “Construction and evaluation of BIVAL automatic control system for irrigation canals in laboratory flume.” J. Irrig. Drain., 61(2), 201–207.
Shahverdi, K., and Monem, M. J. (2015). “Application of reinforcement learning algorithm for automation of canal structures.” J. Irrig. Drain., 64(1), 77–84.
Treske, A. (1980). “Experimental evaluation of numerical simulation of flood waves (Experimental Uberpristung Numerischer Berechnungsuertatinen von Hochwasserwellen).” Blind, Rep. of Hydraulic Research Station, TU Munchen, Munich, Germany, 1–133 (in German).
Yousefvand, F. (2015). “Experimental investigation of hydraulic and operation conditions effect on the Lopac gates performance.” M.Sc. thesis, Dept. of Water Structure Engineering, TarbiatModares Univ., Tehran, Iran.
Yousefvand, F., and Monem, M. J. (2014). “Extraction of discharge equation of Lopac gate as new structure, with constriction, using the energy equation in free flow conditions.” 1st Seminar on Farm Water Management, Soil and Water Research Institute, Karaj, Tehran, Iran (in Persian).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 7, 2015
Accepted: Mar 9, 2016
Published online: Jun 6, 2016
Published in print: Oct 1, 2016
Discussion open until: Nov 6, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.