Chemical Characterization and Source Apportionment of Personal Exposure Samples of Street Vendors at Contrasting Land Use Sites of a Metropolitan City
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 27, Issue 3
Abstract
Groups of populations, such as street vendors, spend a significant amount of time in outdoor urban hotspots, which results in varying amounts of pollutant exposure based on land use, duration, type, and emission magnitude. The present study was conducted in Bangalore, India, which has recently witnessed elevated pollutant concentrations across the city. The study focused on investigating the effect of land use (residential, industrial, and traffic intersections) on personal exposure to PM5 of street vendors in Bangalore and quantifying the contributing sources using principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, the study investigated the possibility of occurrence of various elemental compounds and atmospheric reactions in different land uses. Monitoring of exposure of street vendors was conducted at the three land-use subgroups for 45 days using a personal sampler. The samples were analyzed for 15 elements using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The results indicated that the exposure concentrations of PM5 of street vendors at the traffic intersection, residential, and industrial areas were 548.2 ± 101.5, 190.1 ± 48.5, and 527.7 ± 131.6 µg/m3, respectively. Spearman rank coefficients among elements showed significant variation in correlation for diverse land uses, suggesting the occurrence of potentially different chemical reactions and source contributions at different locations. The PCA at the traffic intersection, residential, and industrial area indicated major contributions from road dust resuspension, construction activities, and metal industries, respectively.
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Acknowledgments
The author thanks the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for providing the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or READY website (http://ready.arl.noaa.gov) used in this publication.
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Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 27 • Issue 3 • July 2023
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© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Feb 9, 2022
Accepted: Jun 2, 2022
Published online: Feb 22, 2023
Published in print: Jul 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Jul 22, 2023
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