Removal of Cyanide from Aqueous Solutions by Biosorption onto Sorghum Stems: Kinetic, Equilibrium, and Thermodynamic Studies
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 26, Issue 1
Abstract
Sorghum stems will be considered in this work as an alternative for the adsorption of cyanides in aqueous solution. It is an abundant material in southern Algeria, and it does not require any specific pretreatment. Therefore, it is a much cheaper adsorbent than the adsorbents usually used for cyanide adsorption, such as activated carbon. In this work, a complete study will be presented that includes the physicochemical characterization of prepared sorghum stem particles (SSPs) and the kinetic and thermodynamic adsorption studies. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the experimental data with a high coefficient of determination and that the Langmuir isotherm model fitted better than the Freundlich and Temkin models. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity (qm) was 76.92 mg/g at 293 K. The thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption of cyanides on SSPs was endothermic and spontaneous and that it was chemisorption. The comparison with the usual adsorbents tested by other authors showed that SSP could be an interesting candidate due to its high adsorption capacity and easy preparation.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Ministry for Higher education and the scientific research of Algeria (Project PRFU No. B00L01EN160220180001) and by the General Directorate for Scientific Research and Technological Development (DGRSDT).
References
Adhoum, N., and L. Monser. 2002. “Removal of cyanide from aqueous solution using impregnated activated carbon.” Chem. Eng. Process. 41 (1): 17–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0255-2701(00)00156-2.
Amaouche, H., S. Chergui, F. Halet, A. R. Yeddou, A. Chergui, B. Nadjemi, and A. Ould-Dris. 2019. “Removal of cyanide in aqueous solution by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by copper oxide.” Water Sci. Technol. 80 (1): 126–133. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.254.
Bansal, R. C., and M. Goyal. 2005. Activated carbon adsorption. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor and Francis.
Baytak, S., R. Mert, and A. R. Türker. 2014. “Determination of Cu(II), Fe(III), Mn(II) and Zn(II) in various samples after preconcentration with Rhizopus oryzae loaded natural cellulose (almond bark).” Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 94 (10): 975–987. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2014.900679.
Behnamfrad, A., and M. M. Salarirad. 2009. “Equilibrium and kinetic studies on free cyanide adsorption from aqueous solution by activated carbon.” J. Hazard. Mater. 170 (1): 127–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.124.
Berenguer, R., A. La Rosa-Toro, C. Quijada, and E. Morallón. 2017. “Electrocatalytic oxidation of cyanide on copper-doped cobalt oxide electrodes.” Appl. Catal., B 207: 286–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.01.078.
Botz, M., T. Mudder, and A. Akcil. 2005. “Cyanide treatment: Physical, chemical and biological processes.” In Advances in gold Ore processing, edited by M. Adams, 619–645. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
Boudries, N., N. Belhaneche, B. Nadjemi, C. Deroanne, M. Mathlouthi, B. Roger, and M. Sindic. 2009. “Physicochemical and functional properties of starches from sorghum cultivated in the Sahara of Algeria.” Carbohydr. Polym. 78 (3): 475–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.05.010.
Bouras, H. D., Z. Isik, E. B. Arikan, A. R. Yeddou, N. Bouras, A. Chergui, L. Favier, A. Amrane, and N. Dizge. 2020. “Biosorption characteristics of methylene blue dye by two fungal biomasses.” Int. J. Environ. Stud. 78 (3): 365–381. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2020.1745573.
Çeçen, F., and Ö Aktas. 2012. Activated carbon for water and wastewater treatment, integration of adsorption and biological treatment. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag & Co. KGaA.
Chakraborty, R., A. Asthana, A. K. Singh, B. Jain, and A. B. H. Susan. 2020. “Adsorption of heavy metal ions by various low-cost adsorbents: A review.” Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2020.1722811.
Chergui, S., A. R. Yeddou, A. Chergui, F. Halet, H. Amaouche, B. Nadjemi, and A. Ould-Dris. 2015. “Removal of cyanide in aqueous solution by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide in presence of activated alumina.” Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 97 (10): 1289–1295. https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2015.1093129.
Coşkun, Y. İ. 2019. “Biosorption of copper by a natural byproduct material: Pressed black cumin cakes.” Anal. Lett. 53 (8): 1247–1265. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2019.1700993.
Cui, J., X. Wang, Y. Yuan, X. Guo, X. Gu, X. and, and L. Jian. 2014. “Combined ozone oxidation and biological aerated filter processes for treatment of cyanide containing electroplating wastewater.” Chem. Eng. J. 241: 184–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.09.003.
Deveci, H., E. Y. Yazıcı, I. Alp, and T. Uslu. 2006. “Removal of cyanide from aqueous solutions by plain and metal-impregnated granular activated carbons.” Int. J. Miner. Process. 79 (3): 198–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2006.03.002.
Do Nascimento, J. M., J. D. De Oliveirab, A. C. L. Rizzoc, and S. G. F. Leite. 2019. “Biosorption Cu (II) by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.” Biotechnol. Rep 21: e00315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00315.
Dwivedi, N., C. Balomajumder, and P. Mondal. 2016. “Comparative investigation on the removal of cyanide from aqueous solution using two different bioadsorbents.” Water Resour. Ind. 15: 28–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2016.06.002.
Dzombak, D. A., R. S. Ghosh, and G. M. Wong-Chong. 2006. Cyanide in water and soil: Chemistry, risk, and management. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor and Francis.
Eaton, A. D., L. S. Clesceri, E. W. Rice, and A. E. Greenberg. 2005. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association.
Halet, F., A. R. Yeddou, A. Chergui, S. Chergui, B. Nadjemi, and A. Ould-Dris. 2015. “Removal of cyanide in aqueous solution by adsorption on activated carbon prepared from lignocellulosic by-products.” J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. 36 (12): 1736–1741. https://doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2015.1005311.
Hewitt, D. M., A. M. Simons, and P. L. Breuer. 2015. “A fundamental investigation of the Caro’s acid cyanide destruction process.” Can. Metall. Q. 54 (3): 261–268. https://doi.org/10.1179/1879139515Y.0000000014.
Khosravi, R., G. Moussavi, M. T. Ghaneian, M. H. Ehrampoush, B. Barikbin, A. A. Ebrahimi, and G. Sharifzadeh. 2018. “Chromium adsorption from aqueous solution using novel green nanocomposite: dsorbent characterization, isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic investigation.” J. Mol. Liq. 256: 163–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.02.033.
Kim, Y., J. Bae, H. Park, J.-K. Suh, Y.-W. You, and H. Choi. 2016. “Adsorption dynamics of methyl violet onto granulated mesoporous carbon: Facilesynthesis and adsorption kinetics.” Water Res. 101: 187–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.077.
Kumar, R., S. Saha, S. Dhaka, M. B. Kurade, C. U. Kang, S. H. Baek, and B.-H. Jeon. 2017. “Remediation of cyanide-contaminated environments through microbes and plants: A review of current knowledge and future perspectives.” Geosyst. Eng. 20 (1): 28–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2016.1218303.
Kuyucak, N., and A. Akcil. 2013. “Cyanide and removal options from effluents in gold mining and metallurgical processes.” Miner. Eng. 50–51: 13–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2013.05.027.
Maulana, I., and F. Takahashi. 2018. “Cyanide removal study by raw and iron-modified synthetic zeolites in batch adsorption experiments.” J. Water Process Eng. 22: 80–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2018.01.013.
Melo, D., V. S. Neto, F. C. Barros, G. S. C. Raulino, C. B. Vidal, and R. F. Do Nascimento. 2016. “Chemical modifications of lignocellulosic materials and their application for removal of cations and anions from aqueous solutions.” Appl. Polym. Sci 133 (15): 43286. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.43286.
Mondal, M., R. Mukherjee, A. Sinha, S. Sarkar, and S. De. 2019. “Removal of cyanide from steel plant effluent using coke breeze, a waste product of steel industry.” J. Water Process Eng. 28: 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.01.013.
Moussavi, G., and R. Khosravi. 2010. “Removal of cyanide from wastewater by adsorption onto pistachio hull wastes: Parametric experiments, kinetics and equilibrium analysis.” J. Hazard. Mater. 183 (1–3): 724–730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.07.086.
Naseem, K., Z. H. Farooqi, M. Z. Ur Rehman, M. A. Ur Rehman, R. Begum, R. Huma, A. Shahbaz, J. Najeeb, and A. Irfan. 2018. “A systematic study for removal of heavy metals from aqueous media using Sorghum bicolor: an efficient biosorbent.” Water Sci. Technol. 77 (10): 2355–2368. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.190.
Neris, J. B., F. H. M. Luzardo, E. G. P. Da Silva, and F. G. Velasco. 2019. “Evaluation of adsorption processes of metal ions in multi-element aqueous systems by lignocellulosic adsorbents applying different isotherms: A critical review.” Chem. Eng. J. 357: 404–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.09.125.
Noh, J. S., and J. A. Schwarz. 1990. “Effect of HNO3 treatment on the surface acidity of activated carbons.” Carbon 28 (5): 675–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(90)90069-B.
Noroozi, R., T. J. Al-Musawi, H. Kazemian, E. M. Kalhori, and M. Zarrabi. 2018. “Removal of cyanide using surface-modified Linde Type-A zeolite nanoparticles as an efficient and eco-friendly material.” J. Water Process Eng. 21: 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.11.011.
Núñez-Salas, R. E., A. Hernández-Ramírez, L. Hinojosa-Reyes, J. L. Guzmán-Mar, M. Villanueva-Rodríguez, and M. MayaTreviño. 2019. “Cyanide degradation in aqueous solution by heterogeneous photocatalysis using boron-doped zinc oxide.” Catal. Today 328: 202–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2018.11.061.
Official Journal of Algerian Republic. 1993. Nos. 93–160 of July 10, 1993.
Ouazene, N., and M. N. Sahmoune. 2010. “Equilibrium and kinetic modelling of astrazon yellow adsorption by sawdust: Effect of important parameters.” Int. J. Chem. Reactor Eng. 8 (1): A151. https://doi.org/10.2202/1542-6580.2413.
Özdemir, Ç. S. 2019. “Equilibrium, kinetic, diffusion and thermodynamic applications for dye adsorption with pine cone.” Sep. Sci. Technol. 54 (18): 3046–3054. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2019.1565769.
Pal, P., and A. Pal. 2020. “Bengal gram husk as efficient and cost-effective adsorbent for Pb2+ and methylene blue removal in single and binary systems.” J. Hazard. Toxic Radioact. Waste 24 (1): 04019032. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HZ.2153-5515.0000477.
Prasanthi, M. R., M. Jayasravanthi, and R. V. Nadh. 2016. “Kinetic, thermodynamic and equilibrium studies on removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions using agro-waste biomaterials, Casuarina equisetifolia L. and sorghum bicolor.” Korean J. Chem. Eng. 33 (8): 2374–2383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-016-0078-6.
Ravuru, S. S., A. Jana, and S. De. 2019. “Synthesis of NiAl- layered double hydroxide with nitrate intercalation: Application in cyanide removal from steel industry effluent.” J. Hazard. Mater. 373: 791–800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.122.
Sahmoune, M. N. 2019. “Evaluation of thermodynamic parameters for adsorption of heavy metals by Green adsorbents.” Environ. Chem. Lett. 17 (2): 697–704. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-00819-z.
Sahmoune, M. N., and A. R. Yeddou. 2016. “Potential of sawdust materials for the removal of dyes and heavy metals: Examination of isotherms and kinetics.” Desalin. Water Treat. 57 (50): 24019–24034. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1135824.
Septiani, E. L., O. P. Prastuti, Y. Kurniati, M. Fauziyah, Widiyastuti, H. Setyawan, Wahyudiono, H. Kanda, and M. Goto. 2019. “Sorption efficiency in dye removal and thermal stability of sorghum stem aerogel.” Mater. Sci. Forum 966: 175–180. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.966.175.
Singh, N., and C. Balomajumder. 2016. “Simultaneous biosorption and bioaccumulation of phenol and cyanide using coconut shell activated carbon immobilized Pseudomonas putida (MTCC 1194).” J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 4 (2): 1604–1614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2016.02.011.
Souilah, R., N. Boudries, D. Djabali, B. Belhadi, and B. Nadjemi. 2015. “Kinetic study of enzymatic hydrolysis of starch isolated from sorghum grain cultivars by various methods.” J. Food Sci. Technol. 52 (1): 451–457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-013-0977-z.
Tran, H. N., S.-J. You, and H.-P. Chao. 2016. “Thermodynamic parameters of cadmium adsorption onto orange peel calculated from various methods: A comparison study.” J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 4 (3): 2671–2682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2016.05.009.
Tran, H. N., S.-J. You, A. Hosseini-Bandegharaei, and H.-P. Chao. 2017. “Mistakes and inconsistencies regarding adsorption of contaminants from aqueous solutions: A critical review.” Water Res. 120: 88–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.014.
Uppal, H., S. S. Tripathy, S. Chawla, B. Sharma, M. K. Dalai, S. P. Singh, and N. Singh. 2017. “Study of cyanide removal from contaminated water using zinc peroxide nanomaterial.” J. Environ. Sci. 55: 76–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2016.07.011.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 26 • Issue 1 • January 2022
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 21, 2020
Accepted: Aug 10, 2021
Published online: Sep 28, 2021
Published in print: Jan 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Feb 28, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.