Application of Nitrifying and Denitrifying Bacterial Consortium for Nitrogenous Waste Removal from Shrimp Culture Pond for Sustainable Cultivation
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 24, Issue 4
Abstract
High protein feed (38%–42%) is regularly used in shrimp culture ponds. Uneaten feed and dead plankton accumulate in nitrogenous waste in aquaculture ecosystems which are further converted into high ammonium-N, nitrate-N, and nitrite-N. Several conventional approaches have been adopted for the removal of these wastes in aquaculture ponds and hatcheries with varying degrees of success but they face critical problems such as membrane fouling, high costs, or the generation of toxic by-products. This study is based on consortium technology using nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. Heterotrophic nitrifying Bacillus cereus PB45 and aerobic denitrifying B. cereus PB88 are mixed in equal volumes and, designated as a consortium and applied at different salinity ranges in commercial shrimp culture ponds. The results indicate that the consortium showed potential in low, medium, and high salinities. The consortium not only reduced nitrogenous waste but maintained other water quality parameters such as pH, alkalinity, hardness, and total dissolved solids (TDS). The consortium also helped to increase the average body weight (ABW) gain for shrimp. A 2 L/ha (cell density 108 cfu/mL) dose of the consortium was the optimum for medium and high salinity water and 3 L/ha (cell density 108 cfu/mL) was the best for low salinity water.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Alcaraz, G., X. Chiappa-Carrara, V. Espinoza, and C. Vanegas. 1999. “Acute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to white shrimp Penaeus setiferus postlarvae.” J. World Aquacult. Soc. 30 (1): 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1999.tb00321.x.
APHA (American Public Health Association). 2005. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21st ed. Washington, DC: APHA.
Barik, P., R. Ram, C. Haldar, and H. K. Vardia. 2018. “Study on nitrifying bacteria as bioremediator of ammonia in simulated aquaculture system.” J. Entomol. Zool. Stud. 6 (3): 1200–1206.
Barman, P., P. Bandyopadhyay, A. Kati, T. Paul, A. K. Mandal, K. C. Mondal, and P. K. D. Mohapatra. 2018. “Characterization and strain improvement of aerobic denitrifying EPS producing bacterium Bacillus cereus PB88 for shrimp water quality management.” Waste Biomass Valorization 9 (8): 1319–1330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-017-9912-2.
Barman, P., A. Kati, A. K. Mandal, P. Bandyopadhyay, and P. K. D. Mohapatra. 2017. “Biopotentiality of Bacillus cereus PB45 for nitrogenous waste detoxification in ex-situ model.” Aquacult. Int. 25 (3): 1167–1183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-016-0105-y.
Boyd, C. E. 1998. Water quality for pond aquaculture. Research and Development Series No. 43. Auburn, AL: International Center for Aquaculture and Aquatic Environments, Alabama Agricultural Experimental Station, Auburn Univ.
Boyd, C. E., and V. K. Pillai. 1984. Water quality management in aquaculture. Special Publ. No. 22, 16. Cochin, India: Central Marine Research Institute.
Brierley, E. D. R., and M. Wood. 2001. “Heterotrophic nitrification in an acid forest soil: Isolation and characterisation of a nitrifying bacterium.” Soil Biol. Biochem. 33 (10): 1403–1409. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00045-1.
Chen, J. C., and Y. Z. Kou. 1992. “Effects of ammonia on growth and molting of Penaeus japonicas juveniles.” Aquaculture 104: 249–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(92)90207-2.
Chen, J. C., and C. Y. Lin. 1992. “Oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion of Penaeus chinensis juveniles exposed to ambient ammonia at different salinity levels.” Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 102: 287–291.
Chen, J. C., and F. H. Nan. 1992. “Effect of ambient ammonia on ammonia-N excretion and ATPase activity of Penaeus chinensis.” Aquat. Toxicol. 23 (1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(92)90008-B.
Chen, P., J. Li, Q. X. Li, Y. Wang, S. Li, T. Ren, and L. Wang. 2012. “Simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification by bacterium Rhodococcus sp. CPZ24.” Bioresour. Technol. 116: 266–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.050.
Chien, Y. H. 1992. “Water quality requirements and management for marine shrimp culture. technical bulletin: Marine shrimp pond management: A review”. 83-122. Singapore: U.S. Wheat Associates, American Soybean Association.
Duan, J., H. Fang, B. Su, J. Chen, and J. Lin. 2015. “Characterization of a halophilic heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacterium and its application on treatment of saline wastewater.” Bioresour. Technol. 179: 421–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.057.
Eskicioglu, C., G. Galvagno, and C. Cimon. 2018. “Approaches and processes for ammonia removal from side-streams of municipal effluent treatment plants.” Bioresour. Technol. 268: 797–810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.020.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). 1987. Report of the training course on shrimp culture. Rome: FAO.
Grommen, R., I. Van Hayteghem, M. Van Wambeke, and W. Verstrete. 2002. “An improved nitrifying enrichment to remove ammonium and nitrite from freshwater aquaria systems.” Aquaculture 211 (1–4): 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00883-3.
Hopkins, J. S., P. A. Sandifer, and C. L. Browdy. 1994. “Sludge management in intensive pond culture of shrimp: Effect of management regime on water quality, sludge characteristics, nitrogen extinction, and shrimp production.” Aquacult. Eng. 13 (1): 11–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8609(94)90022-1.
Jia, H., and Q. Yuan. 2018. “Ammonium removal using algae–bacteria consortia: The effect of ammonium concentration, algae biomass, and light.” Biodegradation 29 (2): 105–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-017-9816-7.
Joo, H.-S., M. Hirai, and M. Shoda. 2005. “Characteristics of ammonium removal by heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification by Alcaligenes faecalis No. 4.” J. Biosci. Bioeng. 100 (2): 184–191. https://doi.org/10.1263/jbb.100.184.
Joo, H.-S., M. Hirai, and M. Shoda. 2007. “Improvement in ammonium removal efficiency in wastewater treatment by mixed culture of Alcaligenes faecalis no.4 and L1.” J. Biosci. Bioeng. 103 (1): 66–73. https://doi.org/10.1263/jbb.103.66.
Kim, M., S.-Y. Jeong, S. J. Yoon, S. J. Cho, Y. H. Kim, M. J. Kim, E. Y. Ryu, and S.-J. Lee. 2008. “Aerobic denitrification of Pseudomonas putida AD-21 at different C/N ratios.” J. Biosci. Bioeng. 106 (5): 498–502. https://doi.org/10.1263/jbb.106.498.
Kinidi, L., I. A. W. Tan, N. B. A. Wahab, K. F. B. Tamrin, C. N. Hipolito, and S. F. Salleh. 2018. “Recent development in ammonia stripping process for industrial wastewater treatment.” Int. J. Chem. Eng. 2018: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3181087.
Li, C., J. Yang, X. Wang, E. Wang, B. Li, R. He, and H. Yuan. 2015. “Removal of nitrogen by heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification of a phosphate accumulation bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri YG-24.” Bioresour. Technol. 182: 18–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.100.
Ostrensky, A., and W. Wasielesky Jr. 1995. “Acute toxicity of ammonia to various life stages of the São Paulo shrimp, Penaeus paulensis, Pérez-Farfante, 1967.” Aquaculture 132 (3–4): 339–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(94)00343-M.
Padhi, S. K., S. Tripathy, R. Sen, A. S. Mahapatra, S. Mohanty, and N. K. Maiti. 2013. “Characterisation of heterotrophic nitrifying and aerobic denitrifying Klebsiella pneumonia CF-S9 strain for bioremediation of wastewater.” Int. Biodeter. Biodeg. 78: 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.01.001.
Patureau, D., E. Helloin, E. Rustrain, T. Bouchez, J. P. Delgenes, and R. Moletta. 2001. “Combined phosphate and nitrogen removal in a sequencing batch reactor using the aerobic denitrifier, Microvirgula aerodenitrificans.” Water Res. 35 (1): 189–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00244-X.
Purwono, A. R., M. Hibbaan, and M. A. Budihardjo. 2017. “Ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) and ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) equilibrium on the process of removing nitrogen by using tubular plastic media.” J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 8: 4915–4922.
Ramanathan, N., P. Padmavathy, T. Francis, S. Athithian, and N. Selvaranjithan. 2005. Manual on polyculture of tiger shrimp and in freshwater. Chennai, India: Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ.
Reddy, R. 2000. “Culture of the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) in low saline waters.” Master’s thesis, Dept. of Marine Biology, Annamalai Univ.
Smith, P. T. 1996. “Physical and chemical characteristics of sediments from prawn farms and mangrove habitats on the Clarence River, Australia.” Aquaculture 146 (1–2): 47–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01361-0.
Spotte, S. 1979. “Seawater aquariums: The captive environment”. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Su, J.-J., B.-Y. Liu, and C.-Y. Liu. 2001. “Comparison of aerobic denitrification under high oxygen atmosphere by Thiosphaera pantotropha ATCC 35512 and Pseudomonas stutzeri SU2 newly isolated from the activated sludge of a piggery wastewater treatment system.” J. Appl. Microbiol. 90 (3): 457–462. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01265.x.
Subari, F., S. R. S. Abdullah, H. A. Hasan, and N. A. Rahman. 2018. “Biological removal of ammonia by naturally grown bacteria in sand biofilter.” Malaysian J. Anal. Sci. 22 (2): 346–352. https://doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2018-2202-22.
Sukeetha, D. S., S. D. Kumar, A. Manikandan, V. Akila, P. Santhanam, and S. Rajakumar. 2020. “Effect of immobilized nitrifying bacterial consortium on ammonia biodegradation in aquaculture pond and enhanced growth of Labeo rohita: An in vitro and in vivo studies.” Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 45 (1): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-04073-5.
Tharavathy, M. C. 2014. “Water quality management.” Acta Biol. Indica 3 (1): 536–540.
Yang, X.-P., S.-M. Wang, D.-W. Zhang, and L.-X. Zhou. 2011. “Isolation and nitrogen removal characteristics of an aerobic heterotrophic nitrifying–denitrifying bacterium, Bacillus subtilis A1.” Bioresour. Technol. 102 (2): 854–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.007.
Zhao, B., Y. L. He, J. Hughes, and X. F. Zhang. 2010. “Heterotrophic nitrogen removal by a newly isolated Acinetobacter calcoaceticus HNR.” Bioresour. Technol. 101 (14): 5194–5200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.02.043.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 24 • Issue 4 • October 2020
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 3, 2019
Accepted: Mar 25, 2020
Published online: Jun 18, 2020
Published in print: Oct 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Nov 18, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.