Removal Comparison and Cost Evaluation of 2,6-Dichlorophenol
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 24, Issue 4
Abstract
In this study, 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP), 5 mg/L was targeted as a priority pollutant and removed using chemical coagulation (CC), adsorption (AD), and electrocoagulation (EC) processes. Aluminum sulfate (AS) and ferrous sulfate (FS) were used as coagulant and adsorbent in CC and AD respectively, while EC experiments were performed in an electrolytic cell using aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) electrodes. The effects of various process parameters, including pH, process time, agitation speed, dose, and operating cost, were investigated. The results indicated that AS showed better removal efficiency than FS in all the process. The overall results of the study showed that 2,6-DCP removal efficiency (PRE) is parameter-dependent for each process. Maximum PRE for AS (75%, 76%, and 98%) and for FS (68%, 70%, and 89%) was achieved in CC, AD, and EC processes, respectively, at an adsorbent dosage of 4 g. A comparative study of CC, AD, and EC showed that conventional treatment processes (CC and AD) displayed less efficiency with long process times and were highly dependent on solution pH. In EC treatment; fewer chemicals were used and high efficiency was obtained. Therefore, it can be concluded that all the three process can be used in series for removal of phenol at low operating cost.
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Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, India, for providing facilities for carrying out research work.
Notation
The following symbols are used in this paper:
- Ac
- amount of adsorbent used (kg/m3);
- a
- cost of electricity/kW · h = 0.08 $/kW · h;
- b
- cost of electrode/kg electrode = 1.63 $/kg for Al and 0.63 $/kg for Fe;
- Cc
- amount of coagulant used (kg/m3);
- c
- cost of AS and FS /kg = 0.4 $/kg;
- Ec
- electrode consumption (kg/m3);
- F
- Faraday constant = 96,487 (C/mole);
- I
- applied current (A);
- M
- relative molar mass of electrode = 26.98 (g/mole) for Al and 55.84 (g/mole);
- n
- number of electrons in oxidation–reduction reaction = 3 for Al and 2 for Fe;
- Pc
- power consumed (kW · h/m3);
- PRE
- 2,6-DCP removal efficiency (%); and
- V
- volume of treated effluent (m3).
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Published In
Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 24 • Issue 4 • October 2020
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 13, 2018
Accepted: Mar 3, 2020
Published online: Jun 4, 2020
Published in print: Oct 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Nov 4, 2020
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