Enhanced Adsorption Capacity of Biomass through Ultrasonication for the Removal of Toxic Cadmium Ions from Aquatic System: Temperature Influence on Isotherms and Kinetics
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 21, Issue 3
Abstract
In this research, a novel activated biomass was prepared from Caryota urens based on sulphuric acid treatment (surface-modified Caryota urens seeds, SMCUS) followed by ultrasonication (ultrasonic-assisted Caryota urens seeds, UACUS). The prepared material was effectively applied to treat a cadmium-contaminated water system. The novel synthesized material was analyzed by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analyses. Adsorption experiments were conducted to check the adsorption-influencing parameters, including contact time, initial cadmium concentration, temperature, and system pH. Adsorption isotherm and kinetics for cadmium removal by adsorbents were studied systematically. Adsorption equilibrium data were explained by three, four, and five parameter isotherm models at different temperatures. The kinetics for cadmium adsorption was explained by pseudo-first-, and pseudo-second-order models and also by Elovich models at different temperatures. The Langmuir adsorption capacity of UACUS was calculated as . Cadmium adsorption by adsorbents has been well described in the literature and by pseudo-first-order models. Cadmium adsorption was decreased with increased temperature (30–60°C). This confirms that the present adsorption system is exothermic in nature. Thermodynamic factors include , , and , showed that cadmium adsorption is spontaneous, exothermic, and enthalpy driven, respectively. The decrease in values with the increase in temperature from 30 to 60°C states that more adsorption sites exist at lower temperature
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Published In
Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 21 • Issue 3 • July 2017
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 3, 2016
Accepted: Nov 8, 2016
Published online: Feb 16, 2017
Published in print: Jul 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Jul 16, 2017
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