Contamination of Emerging Contaminants in Indian Aquatic Sources: First Overview of the Situation
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 21, Issue 3
Abstract
This paper provides a first review of the contamination level of emerging contaminants (ECs) in aquatic sources of India. Contaminants reported so far belong to pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PCPs), surfactants, and phthalates. A total of 41 publications are reported with a maximum share of pesticides (57%) followed by pharmaceuticals (17%), surfactants (15%), PCPs (7%), and phthalates (5%). The concentration of detected contaminants in all aquatic sources range as not detected (ND) to (pesticides), ND to (pharmaceuticals), ND to (PCPs), to (surfactants), and ND to (phthalates). In surface water and treated wastewater, the maximum concentration of pesticides exceed their prescribed environmental quality standards. Pharmaceuticals such as cetirizine, ciprofloxacin, and citalopram are present up to , , and , respectively, in treated wastewater, which is the highest measured concentration. A higher risk (hazards ) to aquatic organisms in surface water has been reported for PCPs, surfactants, and phthalates. The review can act as a framework to nurture future research and regulatory initiatives for monitoring of ECs in remaining aquatic sources.
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Acknowledgments
The corresponding author is thankful to the Ministry of Human Resource Development, India, for financial support during the preparation of the manuscript. The support of Mr. Mohan Choudhary (Masters Student, IIT Roorkee) in data compilation is generously acknowledged.
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Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 21 • Issue 3 • July 2017
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©2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Feb 10, 2016
Accepted: Sep 1, 2016
Published online: Nov 10, 2016
Discussion open until: Apr 10, 2017
Published in print: Jul 1, 2017
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